Dataset Information

Iodine status and associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development in six-month-old South African infants.

ABSTRACT: Iodine is important for normal growth and psychomotor development. While infants below 6 months of age receive iodine from breast milk or fortified infant formula, the introduction of complementary foods poses a serious risk for deteriorating iodine status. This cross-sectional analysis assessed the iodine status of six-month-old South African infants and explored its associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development. Iodine concentrations were measured in infant (n = 386) and maternal (n = 371) urine (urinary iodine concentration [UIC]), and in breast milk (n = 257 [breast milk iodine concentrations]). Feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development were assessed in all infants. The median (25th-75th percentile) UIC in infants was 345 (213-596) ?g/L and was significantly lower in stunted (302 [195-504] ?g/L) than non-stunted (366 [225-641] ?g/L) infants. Only 6.7% of infants were deficient. Maternal UIC (128 [81-216] ?g/L; rs = 0.218, p < 0.001) and breast milk iodine concentrations (170 [110-270] ?g/kg; rs = 0.447, p < 0.0001) were associated with infant UIC. Most infants (72%) were breastfed and tended to have higher UIC than non-breastfed infants (p = 0.074). Almost all infants (95%) consumed semi-solid or solid foods, with commercial infant cereals (60%) and jarred infant foods (20%) being the most common solid foods first introduced. Infants who reported to consume commercial infant cereals ?4 days weekly had significantly higher UIC (372 [225-637] ?g/L) than those reported to consume commercial infant cereals seldom or never (308 [200-517] ?g/L; p = 0.023). No associations between infant UIC and psychomotor developmental scores were observed. Our results suggest that iodine intake in the studied six-month-old infants was adequate. Iodine in breast milk and commercial infant cereals potentially contributed to this adequate intake.

SUBMITTER: Osei J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6865918 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Iodine status and associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development in six-month-old South African infants.

Osei Jennifer J Baumgartner Jeannine J Rothman Marinel M Matsungo Tonderayi M TM Covic Namukolo N Faber Mieke M Smuts Cornelius M CM

Maternal & child nutrition 20161228 4

Iodine is important for normal growth and psychomotor development. While infants below 6 months of age receive iodine from breast milk or fortified infant formula, the introduction of complementary foods poses a serious risk for deteriorating iodine status. This cross-sectional analysis assessed the iodine status of six-month-old South African infants and explored its associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development. Iodine concentrations were measured in infant (n = 386 ...[more]

PMID: 28028913

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Project description:The past 5 years have witnessed claims that infants as young as six months of age understand the meaning of several words. To reach this conclusion, researchers presented infants with pairs of pictures from distinct semantic domains and observed longer looks at an object upon hearing its name as compared with the name of the other object. However, these gaze patterns might indicate infants' sensibility to the word frequency and/or its contextual relatedness to the object regardless of a firm semantic understanding of this word. The current study attempted, first, to replicate, in Norwegian language, the results of recent studies showing that six- to nine-month-old English-learning infants understand the meaning of many common words. Second, it assessed the robustness of a 'comprehension' interpretation by dissociating semantic knowledge from confounded extra-linguistic cues via the manipulation of the contingency between words and objects. Our planned analyses revealed that Norwegian six- to nine-month-old infants did not understand the meaning of the words used in the study. Our exploratory analyses showed evidence of word comprehension at eight to nine months of age-rather than from six to seven months of age for English-learning infants-suggesting that there are cross-linguistic differences in the onset of word comprehension. In addition, our study revealed that eight- to nine-month-old infants cannot rely exclusively on single extra-linguistic cues to disambiguate between two items, thus suggesting the existence of early word-object mappings. However, these mappings are weak, as infants need additional cues (such as an imbalance in frequency of word use) to reveal word recognition. Our results suggest that the very onset of word comprehension is not based on the infants' knowledge of words per se. Rather, infants use a converging set of cues to identify referents, among which frequency is a robust (pre-semantic) cue that infants exploit to guide object disambiguation and, in turn, learn new words.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Children with chronic cholestatic liver diseases have a high risk of malnutrition. However, nutritional management in China has received little attention, and there has been limited evidence regarding improving these practices. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding status of chronic cholestatic children aged 6-24?months and to explore their parents' experiences with feeding practices. METHODS:A mixed-method study was conducted among parents of 74 children with chronic cholestatic liver diseases. The Infant and Young Child Feeding Index (ICFI) was used to collect quantitative data of feeding practices. In-depth interviews with parents were performed to generate qualitative data. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of inappropriate feeding practices. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS:Only 16.2% of the children had appropriate feeding practices. In terms of dairy products, the rate of breastfeeding, medium-chain triglyceride formula feeding, and regular formula feeding were 25.7, 39.2 and 44.6% respectively. The complementary feeding rate was 68.8%, and the age of adding complementary foods was 6.9?±?1.7?months. Consumption of foods from animal sources was suboptimal, 66.7% of the children aged 6-8?months and 45.5% of the children aged 9-11?months had carbohydrates as a single source of complementary foods and had no intake of meat, eggs or bean products, while in the age group 12-24?months, 52.0% of the children had eggs less than 2?days/week, 60.0% had meat less than 2?days/week, and 60.0% had no intake of bean products. Low literacy of the primary care provider was significantly related to inappropriate feeding practices (adjusted OR 5.52; 95% CI 1.29, 23.66). The result of the interviews indicated that parents generally lacked the scientific knowledge of feeding and thought that the intake of animal source foods and oils would be a burden to the liver and cause damage to the liver functions. CONCLUSION:Parents generally lacked science-based feeding knowledge and the feeding practices in 6-24-month-old children diagnosed with chronic cholestatic liver diseases fell short of the recommendations in current nutritional guidelines. Appropriate interventions targeting social and cultural family circumstances should therefore be included in supporting parents in feeding practices to improve children's clinical outcomes.

Dataset Information

Iodine status and associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development in six-month-old South African infants.

Publications

Iodine status and associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development in six-month-old South African infants.

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