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The association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms severity among pregnant women differs by social support category: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, affect approximately 16% of pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. Food insecurity (FI) has been shown to be associated with depressive symptoms. It has also been suggested that the association between FI and depressive symptoms is moderated by social support (SS); however, there is limited evidence of these associations among pregnant women living in low-income and middle-income countries. We studied the association between FI and depressive symptoms severity and assessed whether such an association varied among Ugandan pregnant women with low vs. high SS. Cross-sectional data were collected among 403 pregnant women in northern Uganda. SS was assessed using an eight-item version of the Duke-UNC functional SS scale. FI and depressive symptoms were assessed by, respectively, the individually focused FI scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Women were categorized into two SS groups, based on scoring < or ≥ to the median SS value. Multivariate linear regression models indicated an independent association between FI and depressive symptoms severity. The association between FI and depressive symptoms severity was moderated by SS i.e. was stronger among women in the low SS category (adjusted beta (95%CI): 0.91 (0.55; 1.27)) than for women belonging to the high SS group (0.53 (0.28; 0.78)) (adjusted p value for interaction = 0.026). There is need for longitudinal or interventional studies among pregnant women living in northern Uganda or similar contexts to examine the temporal sequence of the associations among food insecurity, depressive symptoms severity and social support. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

SUBMITTER: Natamba BK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6865987 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, thus pandemic-driven policies may more strongly influence the emotional responses of those with MetS. Objective Examine emotional, mental health, and food security impact of COVID-19 pandemic on persons with metabolic syndrome Study Design, Setting, Participants Baseline, pre-pandemic biomedical measures and online survey of persons enrolled, with minimal or no participation in a 2-year lifestyle intervention trial to reverse metabolic syndrome; repeated online survey during COVID-19 pandemic. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Change in depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 score), perceived stress (Cohen Stress Scale), food security (USDA 10-item Food Security Screener); baseline eating competence (EC; Satter Eating Competence Inventory), health (SF-36), socioeconomic and demographic items. Change in normal and transformed variables was analyzed with paired t-tests, multiple regression, repeated measures ANOVA. Results Participants (n = 132; MetS diagnosis) were mostly female (67%), White (70%), middle-aged (mean 57.0 ± 11.0 y) well-educated (62% college/post-graduate), with a median income of $86,000. Perceived stress was significantly higher at baseline than follow-up (18.5 ± 6.4 vs 14.9 ± 7.2; P < 0.001) even when controlling for confounders (eg, EC, vitality). Food security increased from 83% at baseline to 90% at follow-up (P < 0.001). Migration to or continued food insecurity (n = 13) tended to be associated with being non-White (P = 0.05). Depressive symptoms increased from baseline (2.1 ± 2.3 vs 3.5 ± 3.4; P < 0.001) even when controlling for EC or gender. Depression, which was a study exclusion criterion, was noted at follow-up (n = 10). Movement to depression was not associated with socioeconomic demographics, but was related to lower baseline vitality (44.4 ± 20.7 vs 60.3 ± 18.9; P = 0.012), mental health (71.0 ± 14.3 vs 82 ± 10.4; P = 0.002) and higher follow-up perceived stress (22.6 ± 7.7 vs 14.2 ± 6.8; P < 0.001). Conclusion A high-risk sample for COVID-19, which was highly educated, did not experience increased stress or food insecurity, but demonstrated increased depressive symptoms after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, with some baseline susceptibility noted.

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The association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms severity among pregnant women differs by social support category: a cross-sectional study.

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