Dataset Information

Selecting Potential Neuronal Drug Leads from Conotoxins of Various Venomous Marine Cone Snails in Bali, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT: Many conotoxins, natural peptides of marine cone snails, have been identified to target neurons. Here, we provide data on pharmacological families of the conotoxins of 11 species of cone snails collected in Bali. The identified definitive pharmacological families possibly targeting neuronal tissues were ? (alpha), ? (iota), ? (kappa), and ? (rho). These classes shall target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, voltage-gated Na channels, voltage-gated K channels, and ?1-adrenoceptors, respectively. The VI/VII-O3 conotoxins might be prospected as an inhibitor of N-methyl-d-aspartate. Con-ikot-ikot could be applied as an ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor blocker medicine. The definitive pharmacology classes of conotoxins as well as those yet to be elucidated need to be further established and verified.

SUBMITTER: Sudewi AAR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6868881 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Selecting Potential Neuronal Drug Leads from Conotoxins of Various Venomous Marine Cone Snails in Bali, Indonesia.

Sudewi Anak A R AAR Susilawathi Ni M NM Mahardika Bayu K BK Mahendra Agung N AN Pharmawati Made M Phuong Mark A MA Mahardika Gusti N GN

ACS omega 20191106 21

Many conotoxins, natural peptides of marine cone snails, have been identified to target neurons. Here, we provide data on pharmacological families of the conotoxins of 11 species of cone snails collected in Bali. The identified definitive pharmacological families possibly targeting neuronal tissues were α (alpha), ι (iota), κ (kappa), and ρ (rho). These classes shall target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, voltage-gated Na channels, voltage-gated K channels, and α1-adrenoceptors, respectively. ...[more]

PMID: 31763573

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Project description:BackgroundTropical marine molluscs are traded globally. Larger species with slow life histories are under threat from over-exploitation. We report on the trade in protected marine mollusc shells in and from Java and Bali, Indonesia. Since 1987 twelve species of marine molluscs are protected under Indonesian law to shield them from overexploitation. Despite this protection they are traded openly in large volumes.Methodology/principal findingsWe collected data on species composition, origins, volumes and prices at two large open markets (2013), collected data from wholesale traders (2013), and compiled seizure data by the Indonesian authorities (2008-2013). All twelve protected species were observed in trade. Smaller species were traded for <USD1.00 whereas prices of larger species were USD15.00-40.00 with clear price-size relationships. Some shells were collected locally in Java and Bali, but the trade involves networks stretching hundreds of kilometres throughout Indonesia. Wholesale traders offer protected marine mollusc shells for the export market by the container or by the metric ton. Data from 20 confiscated shipments show an on-going trade in these molluscs. Over 42,000 shells were seized over a 5-year period, with a retail value of USD700,000 within Indonesia; horned helmet (Cassis cornuta) (>32,000 shells valued at USD500,000), chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) (>3,000 shells, USD60,000) and giant clams (Tridacna spp.) (>2,000 shells, USD45,000) were traded in largest volumes. Two-thirds of this trade was destined for international markets, including in the USA and Asia-Pacific region.Conclusions/significanceWe demonstrated that the trade in protected marine mollusc shells in Indonesia is not controlled nor monitored, that it involves large volumes, and that networks of shell collectors, traders, middlemen and exporters span the globe. This impedes protection of these species on the ground and calls into question the effectiveness of protected species management in Indonesia; solutions are unlikely to be found only in Indonesia and must involve the cooperation of importing countries.

Dataset Information

Selecting Potential Neuronal Drug Leads from Conotoxins of Various Venomous Marine Cone Snails in Bali, Indonesia.

Publications

Selecting Potential Neuronal Drug Leads from Conotoxins of Various Venomous Marine Cone Snails in Bali, Indonesia.

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