Risk of temperature, humidity and concentrations of air pollutants on the hospitalization of AECOPD.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6879126 | biostudies-literature | 2019
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Risk of temperature, humidity and concentrations of air pollutants on the hospitalization of AECOPD.
Chen Cai C Liu Xuejian X Wang Xianfeng X Li Wei W Qu Wenxiu W Dong Leilei L Li Xiyuan X Rui Zhiqing Z Yang Xueqing X
PloS one 20191126 11
<h4>Aim</h4>To investigate the effect of temperature, humidity and the concentration of ambient air pollution on the hospitalization of AECOPD.<h4>Method</h4>Hospitalization record was obtained from Shenyang Medical Insurance Bureau, concluding patient's age, gender, income hospital time, outcome hospital; Generalized additive model was used to analyze the relationship between temperature, humidity, the concentration of ambient air pollution and the hospitalization of AECOPD.<h4>Result</h4>The e ...[more]
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Project description:We analyzed the ability of particulate matter (PM) and chemicals adsorbed onto it to induce diverse gene expression profiles in subjects living in two regions of the Czech Republic differing in levels and sources of the air pollution. A total of 312 samples from polluted Ostrava region and 154 control samples from Prague were collected in winter 2009, summer 2009 and winter 2010. The highest concentrations of air pollutants were detected in winter 2010 when the subjects were exposed to: PM of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) (70 vs. 44.9 µg/m3); benzo[a]pyrene (9.02 vs. 2.56 ng/m3) and benzene (10.2 vs. 5.5 µg/m3) in Ostrava and Prague, respectively. Global gene expression analysis of total RNA extracted from leukocytes was performed using Illumina Expression BeadChips microarrays. The expression of selected genes was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene expression profiles differed by locations and seasons. Despite lower concentrations of air pollutants a higher number of differentially expressed genes and affected KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways was found in subjects from Prague. In both locations immune response pathways were affected, in Prague also neurodegenerative diseases-related pathways. Over-representation of the latter pathways was associated with the exposure to PM2.5. The qRT-PCR analysis showed a significant decrease in expression of APEX, ATM, FAS, GSTM1, IL1B and RAD21 in subjects from Ostrava, in a comparison of winter 2010 and summer 2009. In Prague, an increase in gene expression was observed for GADD45A and PTGS2. In conclusion, high concentrations of pollutants in Ostrava were not associated with higher number of differentially expressed genes, affected KEGG pathways and expression levels of selected genes. This observation suggests that chronic exposure to air pollution may result in reduced gene expression response with possible negative health consequences.
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Project description:High concentrations of air pollutants on roadways, relative to ambient concentrations, contribute significantly to total personal exposure. Estimation of these exposures requires measurements or prediction of roadway concentrations. Our study develops, compares, and evaluates linear regression and nonlinear generalized additive models (GAMs) to estimate on-road concentrations of four key air pollutants, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PB-PAH), particle number count (PNC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter with diameter <2.5 ?m (PM2.5) using traffic, meteorology, and elevation variables. Critical predictors included wind speed and direction for all the pollutants, traffic-related variables for PB-PAH, PNC, and NOx, and air temperatures and relative humidity for PM2.5. GAMs explained 50%, 55%, 46%, and 71% of the variance for log or square-root transformed concentrations of PB-PAH, PNC, NOx, and PM2.5, respectively, an improvement of 5% to over 15% over the linear models. Accounting for temporal autocorrelation in the GAMs further improved the prediction, explaining 57-89% of the variance. We concluded that traffic and meteorological data are good predictors in estimating on-road traffic-related air pollutant concentrations and GAMs perform better for nonlinear variables, such as meteorological parameters.
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| S-EPMC5368918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:New findingsWhat is the central question of this study? What are the independent effects of air temperature and humidity on performance, physiological and perceptual responses during endurance exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? When examined independently, elevated air temperature increased heat strain and impaired aerobic exercise performance, but to a lesser extent than has been reported previously. These findings highlight the importance of absolute humidity relative to temperature when exercising or working under severe heat stress.AbstractMany studies have reported that ambient heat stress increases physiological and perceptual strain and impairs endurance exercise, but effects of air temperature per se remain almost unexamined. Most studies have used matched relative humidity, thereby exponentially increasing absolute humidity (water content in air) concurrently with temperature. Absolute (not relative) humidity governs evaporative rate and is more important at higher work rates and air temperatures. Therefore, we examined the independent effects of air temperature and humidity on performance, thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual measures during endurance exercise. Utilizing a crossover design, 14 trained participants (7 females) completed 45 min fixed-intensity cycling (70% V̇O2peak${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{peak}}}}$ ) followed by a 20-km time trial in each of four environments: three air temperatures at matched absolute humidity (Cool, 18°C; Moderate, 27°C; and Hot, 36°C; at 1.96 kPa, air velocity ∼4.5 m/s), and one at elevated humidity (Hot Humid, 36°C at 3.92 kPa). Warmer air caused warmer skin (0.5°C/°C; P < 0.001), higher heart rate (1 bpm/°C; P < 0.001), sweat rate (0.04 l/h/°C; P < 0.001) and thermal perceptions during fixed-intensity exercise, but minimally affected core temperature (<0.01°C/°C; P = 0.053). Time-trial performance was comparable between Cool and Moderate (95% CI: -1.4, 5.9%; P = 0.263), but 3.6-6% slower in Hot (95% CI: ±2.4%; P ≤ 0.006). Elevated humidity increased core temperature (P < 0.001), perceived temperature and discomfort but not skin temperature or heart rate, and reduced mean blood pressure (P = 0.046) during fixed-intensity exercise. Elevated humidity impaired time-trial performance by 3.4% (95% CI: ±2.2%; P = 0.006). In conclusion, these findings quantify the importance of absolute humidity alongside air temperature when exercising under severe heat stress.
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Project description:Weather conditions affect the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, little is known on the association of weather temperature and humidity with AMI hospitalizations in a super-aging society. This study sought to examine this association. We included 87,911 consecutive patients with AMI admitted to Japanese acute-care hospitals between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2015. The primary outcome was the number of AMI hospitalizations per day. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate the association of the average temperature and humidity, 1 day before hospital admission, with AMI hospitalizations, after adjusting for weather, hospital, and patient demographics.Lower temperature and humidity were associated with an increased number of AMI hospitalizations (coefficient - 0.500 [- 0.524 to - 0.474] per °C change, p < 0.001 and coefficient - 0.012 [- 0.023 to - 0.001] per % change, p = 0.039, respectively). The effects of temperature and humidity on AMI hospitalization did not differ by age and sex (all interaction p > 0.05), but differed by season. However, higher temperatures in spring (coefficient 0.089 [0.025 to 0.152] per °C change, p = 0.010) and higher humidity in autumn (coefficient 0.144 [0.121 to 0.166] per % change, p < 0.001) were risk factors for AMI hospitalization. Increased average temperatures and humidity, 1 day before hospitalization, are associated with a decreased number of AMI hospitalizations.
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Project description:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contributes significantly to pediatric hospitalizations. An association between air pollution and an increased number of RSV cases has been suggested. We sought to evaluate the short-term impact of air pollutants on RSV hospitalizations in Polish children in the period 2010-2019. Daily concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were analyzed in general regression models (GRM) to establish their influence and full interaction scheme. Significant seasonal and annual periodicity among 53,221 hospitalizations was observed; finally, data from the 2012-2019 RSV high-risk seasons created models for seven agglomerations. The addition of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 to the basic model for RSV seasonality explained 23% (4.9-31%, univariate model) to 31.4% (8.4-31%, multivariate model) of the variance in RSV hospitalizations. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations was associated with 0.134 (0.087-0.16), 0.097 (0.031-0.087), and 0.212 (0.04-0.29) average increases in hospitalizations, respectively. In the multivariate models, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 alone, as well as PM2.5-NO2, PM2.5-PM10, and PM10-NO2 interactions, were associated with hospitalizations in some of the locations, while the metaregression showed statistically significant interactions between each of the pollutants, and between the pollutants and the year of the study. The inclusion of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in GRM explains a significant number of RSV hospitalizations. The pollutants act alone and interact together in a varied manner. Reducing air contamination might decrease the costs of hospital healthcare.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Exploring the associations of air pollution and weather variables with blood leukocyte distribution is critical to understand the impacts of environmental exposures on the human immune system. OBJECTIVES:As previous analyses have been mainly based on data from cell counters, which might not be feasible in epidemiologic studies including large populations of long-stored blood samples, we aimed to expand the understanding of this topic by employing the leukocyte distribution estimated by DNA methylation profiles. METHODS:We measured DNA methylation profiles in blood samples using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip from 1519 visits of 774 Caucasian males participating in the Normative Aging Study. Leukocyte distribution was estimated using Houseman's and Horvath's algorithms. Data on air pollution exposure, temperature, and relative humidity within 28 days before each blood draw was obtained. RESULTS:After fully adjusting for potential covariates, PM2.5, black carbon, particle number, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity were associated with the proportions of at least one subtype of leukocytes. Particularly, an interquartile range-higher 28-day average exposure of PM2.5 was associated with 0.147-, 0.054- and 0.101-unit lower proportions (z-scored) of plasma cells, naïve CD8+ T cells, and natural killers, respectively, and 0.059- and 0.161-unit higher proportions (z-scored) of naïve CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Our study suggests that short-term air pollution exposure, temperature, and relative humidity are associated with leukocyte distribution. Our study further provides a successful attempt to use epigenetic patterns to assess the influences of environmental exposures on human immune profiles.
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