Dataset Information

Bone material strength in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic black and white older adults.

ABSTRACT: This cross-sectional study assessed cortical bone properties via impact microindentation in adults with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and early-stage T2D. Bone material strength index was stable across the glycemia categories in whites but it declined in blacks. Blacks may be more susceptible than whites to impaired cortical bone properties in early diabetes.

Introduction

Individuals with long-standing type 2 diabetes (T2D) have altered cortical bone material properties as determined by impact microindentation. This cross-sectional study was done to determine whether altered cortical bone material properties could be detected in adults with prediabetes or early-stage T2D.

Methods

Men and postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years with no diabetes (50 white, 6 black), prediabetes (75 white, 13 black), and T2D of ≤ 5 years duration (24 white and 16 black) had assessments of bone material strength index (BMSi) by impact microindentation, trabecular bone score (TBS), and bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and the advanced glycation end product, urine pentosidine.

Results

The association between glycemia category and BMSi differed by race (interaction p = 0.037). In the whites, BMSi did not differ across the glycemia categories, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (no diabetes 76.3 ± 1.6 (SEM), prediabetes 77.2 ± 1.3, T2D 76.2 ± 2.5, ANCOVA p = 0.887). In contrast, in the blacks, BMSi differed (ANCOVA p = 0.020) and was significantly lower in subjects with T2D than in those with prediabetes (p < 0.05) and no diabetes (p < 0.05) (mean ± SEM BMSi in no diabetes 86.0 ± 4.3, prediabetes 91.0 ± 3.2, and T2D 71.6 ± 2.9). Neither TBS nor urine pentosidine differed significantly across the glycemia categories in either whites or blacks.

Conclusions

These findings suggest different associations of glycemia with cortical bone material properties in blacks and whites, with blacks possibly being more susceptible to impaired cortical bone properties than whites in early diabetes. A larger study is needed to verify these observations.

SUBMITTER: Dawson-Hughes B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6879849 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Bone material strength in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic black and white older adults.

Dawson-Hughes B B Bouxsein M M Shea K K

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 20190828 12

This cross-sectional study assessed cortical bone properties via impact microindentation in adults with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and early-stage T2D. Bone material strength index was stable across the glycemia categories in whites but it declined in blacks. Blacks may be more susceptible than whites to impaired cortical bone properties in early diabetes.<h4>Introduction</h4>Individuals with long-standing type 2 diabetes (T2D) have altered cortical bone material properties as determined by imp ...[more]

PMID: 31463589

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Project description:IntroductionEthnic disparities in the prevalence and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes are well documented, but prospective data on insulin dynamics vis-à-vis pre-diabetes/early dysglycemia risk in diverse populations are scant.Research design and methodsWe analyzed insulin secretion, sensitivity, and clearance among participants in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. The POP-ABC study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes for 5.5 years, the primary outcome being incident dysglycemia. Assessments included anthropometry, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, HEC), insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test, IVGT), and disposition index (DI). Insulin clearance was derived as the molar ratio of plasma C peptide to insulin and by calculating the metabolic clearance rate during HEC.ResultsPOP-ABC participants who completed IVGT and HEC at baseline (145 African American, 123 European American; 72% women; mean age 44.6±10.1 years) were included in the present analysis. The baseline fasting plasma glucose was 91.9±6.91 mg/dL (5.11±0.38 mmol/L) and 2-hour plasma glucose was 123±25.1 mg/dL (6.83±1.83 mmol/L). African American offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes had higher insulin secretion and DI, and lower insulin sensitivity and clearance, than their European American counterparts. During 5.5 years of follow-up, 91 of 268 participants developed incident dysglycemia and 177 maintained normoglycemia. In Cox proportional hazards models, insulin secretion (HR 0.997 (95% CI 0.996 to 0.999), p=0.005), insulin sensitivity (HR 0.948 (95% CI 0.913 to 0.984), p=0.005), DI (HR 0.945 (95% CI 0.909 to 0.983), p=0.005) and basal insulin clearance (HR 1.030 (95% CI 1.005 to 1.056), p=0.018) significantly predicted incident dysglycemia.ConclusionsInsulin sensitivity, secretion, and clearance differ significantly in normoglycemic African American versus European American offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes and are associated with the risk of incident dysglycemia.

Project description:ImportancePerceived stress can have long-term physiological and psychological consequences and has shown to be a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer disease and related dementias.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between perceived stress and cognitive impairment in a large cohort study of Black and White participants aged 45 years or older.Design, setting, and participantsThe Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is a national population-based cohort of 30 239 Black and White participants aged 45 years or older, sampled from the US population. Participants were recruited from 2003 to 2007, with ongoing annual follow-up. Data were collected by telephone, self-administered questionnaires, and an in-home examination. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2021 to March 2022.ExposuresPerceived stress was measured using the 4-item version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. It was assessed at the baseline visit and during 1 follow-up visit.Main outcomes and measuresCognitive function was assessed with the Six-Item Screener (SIS); participants with a score below 5 were considered to have cognitive impairment. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a shift from intact cognition (SIS score >4) at the first assessment to impaired cognition (SIS score ≤4) at the latest available assessment.ResultsThe final analytical sample included 24 448 participants (14 646 women [59.9%]; median age, 64 years [range, 45-98 years]; 10 177 Black participants [41.6%] and 14 271 White participants [58.4%]). A total of 5589 participants (22.9%) reported elevated levels of stress. Elevated levels of perceived stress (dichotomized as low stress vs elevated stress) were associated with 1.37 times higher odds of poor cognition after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22-1.53). The association of the change in the Perceived Stress Scale score with incident cognitive impairment was significant in both the unadjusted model (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.46-1.80) and after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58). There was no interaction with age, race, and sex.Conclusions and relevanceThis study suggests that there is an independent association between perceived stress and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment. The findings suggest the need for regular screening and targeted interventions for stress among older adults.

Dataset Information

Bone material strength in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic black and white older adults.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Bone material strength in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic black and white older adults.

Similar Datasets

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