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Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:High exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and bulk density of sodic soils can reduce seedling emergence. This study examined variation in seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes to determine whether these traits vary between genotypes that differ in their tolerance to sodic soils. METHODS:Wheat genotypes were grown in three different experiments. First, four wheat genotypes were grown using soils of three ESPs (4, 10 and 17 %) and secondly in soils of three different bulk densities (1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 g cm-3) and ESP 10 %. Thirdly, seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle were determined for 16 genotypes grown in a soil of ESP 10 % and bulk density 1.2 g cm-2. Seminal root angle and coleoptile length measurements from the current study were compared with seedling emergence rate and force measured previously. KEY RESULTS:The seedling coleoptile length of all genotypes decreased with increasing soil ESP and bulk density, but with no significant differences between genotypes. In contrast, seminal root angles differed significantly between genotypes, but were not significantly affected by ESP or bulk density. There was an inverse relationship between the seminal root angle of the 16 genotypes and seedling emergence rate (R2 = 0.89) and also between seminal root angle and seedling emergence force (R2 = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS:Lack of significant variation in coleoptile length between genotypes suggests that this may not be a suitable characteristic to identify wheat tolerance to sodic conditions. However, a narrower seminal root angle was correlated with rate and force of seedling emergence, traits likely to improve establishment. The mechanism underlying this correlation is not yet clear. Genotypes with a narrow root angle had greater root depth. One possible mechanism might be that genotypes with narrow root angles were able to take up more soil moisture at depth, leading to a higher proportion of seedling emergence.

SUBMITTER: Anzooman M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6881227 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes.

Anzooman Monia M Christopher Jack J Dang Yash P YP Taylor Julian J Menzies Neal W NW Kopittke Peter M PM

Annals of botany 20191101 6

<h4>Background and aims</h4>High exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and bulk density of sodic soils can reduce seedling emergence. This study examined variation in seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes to determine whether these traits vary between genotypes that differ in their tolerance to sodic soils.<h4>Methods</h4>Wheat genotypes were grown in three different experiments. First, four wheat genotypes were grown using soils of three ESPs ...[more]

PMID: 31175829

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Project description:BackgroundForage production in the saline-sodic soil of the western Songnen Plain Northeast China depends on irrigation. Therefore, the water use efficiency (WUE) and soil chemical properties are key factors in the overall forage productivity in this water scarce region. Improving forage yield, WUE, and soil properties under irrigation are very important for food and ecological security in this water-deficient region. Additionally, a suitable irrigation schedule for this region is necessary.MethodsA field experiment was conducted between 2015 and 2018 to evaluate the effects of irrigation on artificial grassland productivity and the changes in soil chemical properties as well as to plan a reliable irrigation schedule for the western Songnen Plain. Eight irrigation treatments were designed, which depended on the three growth stages of alfalfa. The shoot height (SH), the chlorophyll content (SPAD), the dry yield (DM), the ratio of stem to leaves (SLR), the WUE, the changes in the chemical properties of the soil, and precipitation and evaporation were investigated.ResultsThe SH, DM, WUE, and SLR were significantly increased by irrigation (P < 0.01). However, the SPAD resulting from irrigation was not significantly higher than the SPAD of CK (no irrigation) (P < 0.05). In addition, the soil chemical properties at the depth of 0-100 cm were significantly decreased by irrigation P (0.05). For example, the soil electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio, and total alkalization were reduced 182-345 μS cm-1, 8.95-9.00 (mmolc/L)1/2, and 3.29-4.65 mmolc L-1 by different irrigation treatments, respectively. Finally, considering the highest WUE of I5 (irrigation at branch stage) (2.50 kg m-3), relative high DM of I5 (787.00 g m-2), the precipitation, the evaporation, the water resources, and the changes of the soil's chemical properties, 236.50 mm of irrigation water was recommended at the branching stage of alfalfa for the western Songnen Plain, Northeast China.

Project description:Ensuring future food security for a growing population while climate change and urban sprawl put pressure on agricultural land will require sustainable intensification of current farming practices. For the crop breeder this means producing higher crop yields with less resources due to greater environmental stresses. While easy gains in crop yield have been made mostly "above ground," little progress has been made "below ground"; and yet it is these root system traits that can improve productivity and resistance to drought stress. Wheat pre-breeders use soil coring and core-break counts to phenotype root architecture traits, with data collected on rooting density for hundreds of genotypes in small increments of depth. The measured densities are both large datasets and highly variable even within the same genotype, hence, any rigorous, comprehensive statistical analysis of such complex field data would be technically challenging. Traditionally, most attributes of the field data are therefore discarded in favor of simple numerical summary descriptors which retain much of the high variability exhibited by the raw data. This poses practical challenges: although plant scientists have established that root traits do drive resource capture in crops, traits that are more randomly (rather than genetically) determined are difficult to breed for. In this paper we develop a hierarchical nonlinear mixed modeling approach that utilizes the complete field data for wheat genotypes to fit, under the Bayesian paradigm, an "idealized" relative intensity function for the root distribution over depth. Our approach was used to determine heritability: how much of the variation between field samples was purely random vs. being mechanistically driven by the plant genetics? Based on the genotypic intensity functions, the overall heritability estimate was 0.62 (95% Bayesian confidence interval was 0.52 to 0.71). Despite root count profiles that were statistically very noisy, our approach led to denoised profiles which exhibited rigorously discernible phenotypic traits. Profile-specific traits could be representative of a genotype, and thus, used as a quantitative tool to associate phenotypic traits with specific genotypes. This would allow breeders to select for whole root system distributions appropriate for sustainable intensification, and inform policy for mitigating crop yield risk and food insecurity.

Dataset Information

Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes.

Publications

Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes.

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