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Anthropometric and Biochemical Predictors for Hypertension in a Cross-Sectional Study in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

ABSTRACT: Background: Aim of this study was to describe the proportion of hypertension among Zanzibari of different age-groups and to detect possible correlates of this non-communicable disease. Methods: In 2013 a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Unguja Island, Zanzibar. A total of 235 randomly selected households, including 1,229 (2 to 95 years) eligible study participants, were examined. Association between objectively assessed obesity markers, salt intake and hypertension were investigated. Estimates of 24 h sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning spot urine specimen were calculated and used as surrogate for salt intake. The association between overweight/obesity and hypertension in different age-groups was assessed in multilevel logistic regression models. Further associations between salt intake and hypertension were analyzed. Results: Measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as proportion of overweight/obesity and hypertension both increased with age. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension in adults. Moreover, thinness seems to be associated with hypertension as well. We observed a significantly reduced chance of hypertension for higher urinary sodium-to-potassium compared to a lower ratio in children. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity and hypertension were highly prevalent (>47% of adults >40 years are overweight or obese and >69% are hypertensive in the same age group) in our sample. Weight status was confirmed as a correlate of high blood pressure in our sample from Zanzibar, Tanzania. To early and effectively prevent related severe cardiovascular outcomes, screening strategies but also monitoring strategies are required for this population.

SUBMITTER: Brackmann LK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6881248 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anthropometric and Biochemical Predictors for Hypertension in a Cross-Sectional Study in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Brackmann Lara Kim LK Buck Christoph C Nyangasa Maria Adam MA Kelm Soerge S Sheikh Mohammed M Hebestreit Antje A

Frontiers in public health 20191121

<b>Background:</b> Aim of this study was to describe the proportion of hypertension among Zanzibari of different age-groups and to detect possible correlates of this non-communicable disease. <b>Methods:</b> In 2013 a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Unguja Island, Zanzibar. A total of 235 randomly selected households, including 1,229 (2 to 95 years) eligible study participants, were examined. Association between objectively assessed obesity markers, salt intake and hypertension were inve ...[more]

PMID: 31824908

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in Tanzania. Knowledge of and willingness to receive a cervical cancer screening are important determinants of prevention. This study aimed to describe women's awareness of cervical cancer and to explore the attitudes toward, acceptability of and barriers to cervical cancer screening (CCS) in Zanzibar. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2018 involving 1483 women from 10 districts in Zanzibar who responded to questionnaires concerning their general demo-graphic characteristics, screening willingness and awareness of cervical cancer. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stepwise multiple regression were conducted using STATA 15.1 software. RESULTS:The average total knowledge score (TKS) was 7.84?±?5.32 on a 23-point scale. Educational level and family income were positively correlated with the TKS. Previous schistosomiasis history and family genetic disease history were strong predictors of screening willingness. Women were less likely to be screened freely if they had 7 or more deliveries and were unaware of any previous family tumor history. Age and educational level were negatively associated non-free screening willingness, while family income was positively associated; being divorced/widowed or single and being unaware of any previous family tumor history were predictors of screening reluctance, while previous disease history was a strong predictor of non-free screening willingness. Fear of screening and inconvenience were the primary concerns among the Zanzibari interviewees. Compared to the 20-49 age group, more women in the less than 20 and 50 or more age groups thought cervical cancer screening was not necessary. The highest rate of cognitive accuracy in regard to cervical cancer warning signs and risk factors was only 37.76%. CONCLUSIONS:The findings revealed that knowledge of cervical cancer was poor. Educational level, family income and awareness of previous disease history were significant influencing factors of screening uptake. Specific awareness programs to increase knowledge of cervical cancer and screening willingness should be designed and implemented in the public without delay, especially for younger and elderly women.

Project description:BackgroundAnemia among adolescents (ages 10-19 years) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries and carries long-term health and economic consequences. To address the issue, policymakers and programmers require evidence of the burden of anemia among adolescents in specific contexts, as well as an understanding of the factors associated with anemia in this population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey as a baseline assessment to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in secondary school students, as part of a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial testing different micronutrient supplementation strategies in addressing anemia among adolescents in Zanzibar. Between March 7th to 25th, 2022 the survey was conducted on 2,479 school-going adolescents aged 10-17 years from 42 schools on the island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Hemoglobin concentration was measured along with the collection of socio-demographics, health, food frequency, and water, sanitation and hygiene data.ResultsBased on the World Health Organization cutoffs for anemia, 53.3% of the sample had anemia (mild, moderate, or severe). Using chi-square tests and logistic regressions, we determined that females had higher odds of anemia than males (Adjusted OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.74), those in the highest wealth quintile had lower odds of anemia than those in the lowest wealth quintile (Adjusted OR = 0.7; CI: 0.54, 0.91), stunted adolescents had higher odds of anemia than non-stunted students (Adjusted OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06,1.81), and those who used shared toilets had higher odds of moderate or severe anemia than those with private toilet access (Adjusted OR = 1.68; CI: 1.07, 2.64).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of anemia in this sample indicates an urgent need to address anemia among adolescents in Zanzibar, and the factors associated with anemia point to the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in addition to dietary and nutritional support.Trial registrationNCT05104554, registered 03/11/2021.

Project description:BackgroundAmong Kazakh-Chinese population in Xinjiang province of China, prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 40.1% and 50.3% respectively, the highest across all ethnic groups residing in this pastureland. Despite this, there remained a dearth of information regarding the association between the anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) etc.] and indicators for hypertension control [achieved levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) etc.] among them.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinjiang to determine the distribution and inter-relationships of the anthropometric measures and indicators for achieved BP control as well as their predictors among hypertension patients of Kazakh-Chinese ethnicity. Out of 550 randomly selected patients, 516 completed the interview, anthropometry and BP assessments.ResultsIn the sample population, average SBP, DBP and PP were 156.26±24.40mmHg, 87.55±14.73mmHg and 68.71±19.39mmHg respectively. Bivariate analysis identified age, gender, education, duration of hypertension, WC and BMI being factors influencing the achieved levels of BP. Adjusted multiple linear regression models elicited positive associations of age (βa = 0.152, p = 0.001) and duration of hypertension (βa = 0.132, p = 0.003) with achieved level of SBP as well as BMI (βa = 0.135, p = 0.002) with DBP. Age (βa = 0.207, p<0.001) and WHtR (βa = 0.304, p = 0.005) were positively and WC (βa = -0.406, p<0.001) was negatively associated with PPI. Increasing age (βa = -0.125, p = 0.005), female gender (βa = -0.122, p = 0.005) and 5years' duration of hypertension (βa = -0.091, p<0.039) were negatively associated with ABI. After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, hypertensive patients with (reference = without) abdominal obesity had 93% (p = 0.013) higher odds of missing the target BP control.ConclusionAnthropometric measures and indicators for blood pressure control among Kazakh-Chinese patients were far beyond normal. Several anthropometric measures appeared useful for monitoring BP. Using them, regular screening and consequent targeted intervention were required urgently to control hypertension among Kazakh-Chinese.

Project description:BackgroundDepression is one of the mental illnesses that cause disability worldwide, and is a significant contributor to the global burden of diseases. Although depression is reported among patients with diabetes in high-income countries, it remains undetected or undiagnosed in low and middle-income countries. This article describes the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted at Mnazi Mmoja Referral Hospital (MMRH). A simple random sampling method was used to select the potential participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9). Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A Chi-square test was performed to obtain the association between depression and socio-demographic, medical and psychological factors. A P-value of <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the significant associations between the variables. Also, multiple logistic regression was performed with the factors with P-value <0.2 to ascertain the confounding factors.ResultsA total of 267 patients with diabetes responded to the questionnaire of which 142 (53.2%) were males. The mean age of participants was 50 years and a standard deviation of ±14. The overall prevalence of depression in this study was 73%. The specific type of depression among diabetic patients varied from severe (8%) to mild depression (30%). Respondents who had difficulties in adhering to the treatment regimen (AOR = 5.7: 95% CI, 2.11-15.18, p = 0.001), feeling angry or stressed (AOR = 4.4: 95% CI, 2.44-8.10, p<0.001), and had diabetic retinopathy (AOR = 2.8: 95% CI, 1.45-5.28, p = 0.002) had symptoms of depression. Furthermore, respondents who had diabetic foot ulcers (AOR = 0.1: 95% CI, 0.04-0.49, p = 0.003) and impotence for male patients (AOR = 0.4: 95% CI, 0.20-0.68, p = 0.002) were 0.1 and 0.4 times less likely to have depression respectively.ConclusionThe majority of patients with diabetes have symptoms of depression. Adherence to the treatment regimen, diabetic retinopathy, feeling angry or stressed, impotence and diabetic foot ulcer were associated with depression. Thus, early screening of depression among patients with diabetes is crucial to enhance self-management and good health outcomes.

Project description:BackgroundGlobally, hypertension is among the leading causes of premature mortality. It is a noncommunicable disease characterized by a persistent state of raised blood pressure that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and medical conditions affecting the brain and kidneys. There is a paucity of thorough hypertension knowledge assessment among hypertensive patients in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study aimed to assess overall and specific knowledge about hypertension and to identify predictors of inadequate knowledge.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia between February and April 2023. Data were collected using an online, self-administered questionnaire divided into two sections. In the first section, the characteristics of the participants were collected. In the second section, the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale was used to measure overall and specific knowledge areas (subdimensions). The overall and subdimensional means were tested using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Furthermore, the binary logistic regression was conducted to determine inadequate knowledge predictors.ResultsIn all 253 hypertensive patients were eligible for participation; almost 70% of whom were male. The mean age of the participants was 45 years (±14.7), and their mean overall knowledge score was 17.60 (±5.09), which was equivalent to 67.7% of the maximum score. In addition, 40.7% of participants had an adequate level of hypertension knowledge. The complications subdimension level of knowledge was borderline optimal. At the same time, an adequate knowledge level was detected only in the lifestyle subdimension.ConclusionMost patients showed inadequate levels of knowledge related to hypertension management. Diet, medical treatment, disease definition, drug compliance, and complications were subsequently the least knowledgeable subdimensions among the study population. Therefore, these subdimensions should be prioritized when planning hypertension educational interventions and during follow-up sessions, especially for patients of younger age groups and those with lower educational levels.

Dataset Information

Anthropometric and Biochemical Predictors for Hypertension in a Cross-Sectional Study in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Publications

Anthropometric and Biochemical Predictors for Hypertension in a Cross-Sectional Study in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

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