Tigray Orthohantavirus Infects Two Related Rodent Species Adapted to Different Elevations in Ethiopia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Meheretu Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6882452 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundQuality intrapartum and newborn care is considered to be poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, studies done in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the magnitude and factors associated with quality intrapartum and newborn care in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.MethodsFacility based survey was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015 in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. The quality of intrapartum care provided by a total of 106 skilled birth attendants to 216 labouring mothers and newborns were observed during childbirth in the health facilities. Standardized questionnaires and checklist were utilized to collect data. Quality of intrapartum service was measured using standard intrapartum criteria. Thus, good quality service was considered if the mother and newborn scored 75% or more of the intrapartum criteria during childbirth. Binary and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with quality intrapartum and newborn care services.Results29.2% of mothers and 67.6% newborns received good quality care during intrapartum and immediate postpartum periods respectively. However, only 47.2% of mothers and newborns received a friendly care during childbirths. The independent predictors of quality intrapartum and newborn care were the appropriate use of partograph (AOR 3.92; 95% CI 1.78, 8.63), friendly maternal and newborn care services (AOR 7.9; 95% CI 3.59, 17.33), more than two years working experience (AOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.13, 0.73) and using services in different Zones in the study area.ConclusionsThe quality intrapartum care is poor in the study area and it is associated with inappropriate use of partograph, unfriendly care, and experience of health providers. Scaling up obstetric service, continuous training and motivation of service providers and revising the criterion for accreditation of service providers are important.
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Project description:Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne emerging viruses known to cause severe diseases in humans but no apparent pathology in their small mammal reservoirs. However, the mechanisms leading to tolerance or pathogenicity in humans and persistence in rodent reservoirs are poorly understood, as is the manner in which they spread within and between organisms. Here, we used a range of cellular and molecular approaches to investigate the interactions of three different orthohantaviruses – Puumala virus (PUUV), responsible for a mild form of hemorrhagic fever in humans, Tula virus (TULV) with low pathogenicity, and nonpathogenic Prospect Hill virus (PHV) – with human and rodent host cell lines. We showed that the three orthohantaviruses were able to infect Vero E6 and HuH7 cells but only the former secreted infectious particles. In cells derived from the PUUV reservoir (Myodes glareolus), PUUV achieved complete viral cycling, while TULV did not enter the cells and PHV infected them but did not produce infectious particles, reflecting some differences in host specificity. A search for mature virions by electron microscopy revealed that TULV assembly occurred in part at the plasma membrane, whereas PHV particles were trapped in autophagic vacuoles in cells of the heterologous rodent host. The interaction of orthohantaviruses with cellular factors was investigated by studying the colocalization of viral nucleocapsids with markers of cell compartments, identifying interactors of viral proteins by mass spectrometry analysis, and measuring the regulation of gene expression by transcriptomic analysis in infected cells. Overall, our study highlighted the complexity of the host-virus relationship, demonstrated that orthohantaviruses were restricted at different levels of the viral cycle, and provided different levels of analysis to further investigate how these viruses differ in their interactions with cells to evade innate immunity and how this depends on the tissue and host species.
2022-10-04 | PXD032365 | Pride