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Evolution of large area TiS₂-TiO₂ heterostructures and S-doped TiO₂ nano-sheets on titanium foils.

ABSTRACT: We report a novel and facile method to synthesize sulfur-doped titanium oxide sheets and realize TiS₂-TiO₂ heterostructures by means of a sequential sulfurization and oxidation step in a dual-zone chemical vapor deposition furnace. The inclusion of chlorine and argon gases during the growth of such titanium-based compounds plays a critical role in the formation of desired geometries and crystalline structures. These heterostructures possess nano-whisker and nanosheet configurations, controlled by adjusting the growth parameters such as temperature, carrier gas and the sequencing between different steps of the growth. The evolution of these complex heterostructures has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy and EDS characterization. The presence of chlorine gas during the growth results in local TiS₂ formation as well as faceted growth of TiO₂ nanosheets through anatase to rutile phase change prohibition. The electron microscopy (TEM) images and diffraction pattern (SAED) characterization reveal the crystallinity and layered nature of grown structures, further demonstrating the 2D characteristics of S-doped nanosheets. The evolution of TiO₂ on TiS₂ heterostructures has also has been verified using XPS analysis. These highly featured nanostructures are suitable candidates to enhance the photocatalytic behavior of TiO₂ nanostructures.

SUBMITTER: Etghani SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6884512 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:TiO2 nanoparticles surface-modified with silane moieties, which can be directly coated on a flexible substrate without the requirement of any binder materials and postsintering processes, are synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, time-correlated single-photon counting, and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of the prepared surface-modified TiO2 (M-TiO2) sheets as a catalyst for the photo-induced degradation of a model dye, methylene blue, was checked using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The data suggest that, compared to unmodified TiO2, M-TiO2 sheets facilitate better dye-degradation, which leads to a remarkable photocatalytic activity that results in more than 95% degradation of the dye in the first 10 min and more than 99% of the degradation in the first 50 min of the photocatalytic experiments. We also demonstrate that M-TiO2 can be recycled with negligible reduction in photocatalytic activity. Further, the photovoltaic properties of the developed M-TiO2 sheets were assessed using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and photochronoamperometry. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) fabricated using M-TiO2 as the photoanode exhibited a photoconversion efficiency of 4.1% under direct sunlight. These experiments suggested that M-TiO2 sheets show enhanced photovoltaic properties compared to unmodified TiO2 sheets, and that, when N-719 dye is incorporated, the dye-TiO2 interaction is more favorable for M-TiO2 than bare TiO2. The simple solution processing method demonstrated in this paper rendered a highly flexible photoanode made of M-TiO2 with superior charge-separation efficiency to an electrode made of bare TiO2. We propose that our findings on the photovoltaic properties of M-TiO2 open up arenas of further improvement and a wide scope for the large-scale production of flexible DSSCs on plastic substrates at room temperature in a cost-effective way.

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Evolution of large area TiS₂-TiO₂ heterostructures and S-doped TiO₂ nano-sheets on titanium foils.

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Evolution of large area TiS2-TiO2 heterostructures and S-doped TiO2 nano-sheets on titanium foils.

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Evolution of large area TiS₂-TiO₂ heterostructures and S-doped TiO₂ nano-sheets on titanium foils.