Dataset Information

Monoacylglycerides from the Diatom Skeletonema marinoi Induce Selective Cell Death in Cancer Cells.

ABSTRACT: Microalgae are an excellent source of valuable compounds for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. These photosynthesizing microorganisms are amenable for large-scale production, thus overcoming the bottleneck of biomass supply for chemical and activity characterization of bioactive compounds. This characteristic has recently also prompted the screening of microalgae for potential pharmaceutical applications. Here, we show that monoacylglycerides (MAGs) purified from the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi have selective cytotoxic activity against the haematological cancer cell line U-937 and colon cancer cell line HCT-116 compared to normal MePR-2B cells. LC-MS analysis of the raw extract revealed that in their natural form, MAGs occur as 2-monoacyl derivatives and include mainly C16 and C20 analogues, but they are converted into the corresponding 1-isomers during purification processes. Pure compounds along with the synthetic 1-monoarachidonoylglycerol tested on HCT-116 and U-937 tumor cell lines induced cell death via apoptosis. The mechanism of action was investigated, and we show that it involves the induction of apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation. These findings pave the way for the possible use of these molecules as potential anticancer agents or as precursors for the generation of new and more potent and selective compounds against tumor cells.

SUBMITTER: Miceli M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6891494 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Monoacylglycerides from the Diatom <i>Skeletonema marinoi</i> Induce Selective Cell Death in Cancer Cells.

Miceli Marco M Cutignano Adele A Conte Mariarosaria M Ummarino Raffaella R Romanelli Alessandra A Ruvo Menotti M Leone Marilisa M Mercurio Flavia Anna FA Doti Nunzianna N Manzo Emiliano E Romano Giovanna G Altucci Lucia L Ianora Adrianna A

Marine drugs 20191101 11

Microalgae are an excellent source of valuable compounds for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. These photosynthesizing microorganisms are amenable for large-scale production, thus overcoming the bottleneck of biomass supply for chemical and activity characterization of bioactive compounds. This characteristic has recently also prompted the screening of microalgae for potential pharmaceutical applications. Here, we show that monoacylglycerides (MAGs) purified from the marine diatom <i ...[more]

PMID: 31683792

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Project description:Diatoms are important phytoplankton and contribute greatly to the primary productivity of marine ecosystems. Despite the ecological significance of diatoms and the importance of programmed cell death (PCD) in the fluctuation of diatom populations, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of PCD triggered by different nutrient stresses. Here we describe the physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in response to low levels of nutrients in the ubiquitous diatom Skeletonema marinoi The levels of gene expression involved in oxidation resistance and PCD strongly increased upon nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) starvation. The enzymatic activity of caspase 3-like protein also increased. Differences in mRNA levels and protein activities were observed between the low-N and low-P treatments, suggesting that PCD could have a differential response to different nutrient stresses. When cultures were replete with N or P, the growth inhibition stopped. Meanwhile, the enzymatic activity of caspase 3-like protein and the number of cells with damaged membranes decreased. These results suggest that PCD is an important cell fate decision mechanism in the marine diatom S. marinoi Our results provide important insight into how diatoms adjust phenotypic and genotypic features of their cell-regulated death programs when stressed by nutrient limitations. Overall, this study could allow us to better understand the molecular mechanism behind the formation and termination of diatom blooms in the marine environment.IMPORTANCE Our study showed how the ubiquitous diatom S. marinoi responded to different nutrient limitations with PCD in terms of physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. Some PCD-related genes (PDCD4, GOX, and HSP90) induced by N deficiency were relatively upregulated compared to those induced by P deficiency. In contrast, the expression of the TSG101 gene in S. marinoi showed a clear and constant increase during P limitation compared to N limitation. These findings suggest that PCD is a complex mechanism involving several different proteins. The systematic mRNA level investigations provide new insight into understanding the oxidative stress- and cell death-related functional genes of diatoms involved in the response to nutrient fluctuations (N or P stress) in the marine environment.

Dataset Information

Monoacylglycerides from the Diatom Skeletonema marinoi Induce Selective Cell Death in Cancer Cells.

Publications

Monoacylglycerides from the Diatom <i>Skeletonema marinoi</i> Induce Selective Cell Death in Cancer Cells.

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