Dataset Information

Selection of Target Nutrients for the Nutritional Standards of School Lunches in Korea.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to select target nutrients to be included in the nutritional standards of school lunches in Korea. The dietary intake data for children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI were analyzed for eight groups based on gender and age (6-8, 9-11, 12-14, and 15-17 years old). First, the usual intake of 3091 subjects was estimated and assessed to identify nutrients with insufficient or excessive intake prevalence. Along with the nutrients identified by the assessment, the energy and nutrients prioritized in the meal planning procedure of the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans were the initial candidates; these nutrients and energy include the percentages of energy from carbohydrates, protein, and fat; vitamin A; riboflavin; niacin; vitamin C; calcium; phosphorus; sodium; and iron. Phosphorus was excluded as a result of there being little evidence of clinical symptoms caused by its insufficient intake. Sodium was excluded because reliable data on added salt were not available among the school lunch recipes in Korea. Therefore, energy; the percentages of energy from carbohydrates, protein, and fat; vitamin A; riboflavin; niacin; vitamin C; calcium; and iron were selected to be included in the nutritional standards for school lunches in Korea.

SUBMITTER: Kim M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6893548 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Selection of Target Nutrients for the Nutritional Standards of School Lunches in Korea.

Kim Meeyoung M Kim Dongwoo D Yoon Jihyun J

Nutrients 20191025 11

The purpose of this study was to select target nutrients to be included in the nutritional standards of school lunches in Korea. The dietary intake data for children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI were analyzed for eight groups based on gender and age (6-8, 9-11, 12-14, and 15-17 years old). First, the usual intake of 3091 subjects was estimated and assessed to identify nutrients with insufficient or excessive intake prevale ...[more]

PMID: 31731491

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Project description:BackgroundDuring 2010, the US Department of Agriculture updated the school meals standards, including three progressively decreasing sodium targets. The Target 1 standards went into effect in 2014, but during 2018, the US Department of Agriculture delayed the Target 2 standards until 2024 and eliminated the Target 3 standards citing concerns regarding the availability and acceptability of lower-sodium foods. In addition, there are currently no sugar standards, and it is unknown whether sugar is substituted for salt in lower-sodium school foods.ObjectiveTo examine the availability, selection, and consumption of school lunches already in alignment with the Target 2 and 3 sodium levels and the association between sodium and sugar.DesignAn observational cafeteria-based study conducted during fall 2018.Participants and settingStudents (n = 1985) in grades three through eight attending 13 elementary/kindergarten through eighth-grade schools in a large, urban school district in New England.Main outcome measuresAvailability, selection, and consumption were examined using plate waste methodology.Statistical analyses performedMixed-model analysis of variance accounting for student demographic characteristics with schools/students as a random effect (students nested within schools) were used to examine differences in availability, selection, and consumption. Linear regression was used to examine the association between sodium and sugar in the school foods.ResultsThe majority of meals selected (87%) and consumed (98%) were already in alignment with the Target 2 standards. There were significant inverse associations between sodium levels and consumption; each 100-mg increase in sodium was associated with a decrease in consumption by 2% for entrées (P = 0.002) and 5% for vegetables (P = 0.01). When examining the association between sodium and sugar, each 10-mg reduction in sodium was associated with 1-g increase in sugar among entrées (P < 0.0001), whereas there was a significant positive association between sodium and sugar with vegetables and condiments.ConclusionsThis study provides some evidence that schools may already have the ability to provide lower-sodium meals that are acceptable to students, and therefore the recent rollbacks to the sodium standards may be unwarranted. Study findings suggest that the US Department of Agriculture should take under consideration policies that would limit added sugar for school meals as sugar may be substituted for salt.

Dataset Information

Selection of Target Nutrients for the Nutritional Standards of School Lunches in Korea.

Publications

Selection of Target Nutrients for the Nutritional Standards of School Lunches in Korea.

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