Epidemiological survey of Anaplasma marginale in cattle and buffalo in Sri Lanka.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhyldyz A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6895639 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Epidemiological survey of Anaplasma marginale in cattle and buffalo in Sri Lanka.
Zhyldyz Atambekova A Sivakumar Thillaiampalam T Igarashi Ikuo I Gunasekara Erandi E Kothalawala Hemal H Silva Seekkuge Susil Priyantha SSP Yokoyama Naoaki N
The Journal of veterinary medical science 20190920 11
Bovine anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale represents a serious threat to cattle farming worldwide, especially in the tropics and subtropics. In the present study, archived DNA samples from the blood of cattle (n=437) in the Nuwara Eliya, Galle, Ampara, Polonnaruwa, and Jaffna districts and buffalo (n=327) in the Galle, Polonnaruwa, Mannar, and Mullaitivu districts in Sri Lanka, were screened for A. marginale using a major surface protein 5 (msp5) gene-based PCR assay. The findings showed ...[more]
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Project description:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In Iran, anaplasmosis is normally diagnosed with traditional Giemsa staining method. This is not applicable for identification of the carrier animals. The aim of this study was to compare the detection of Anaplasma marginale in two different numbers of microscopic fields (50 and 100) using conventional Giemsa staining method compared with the PCR-RFLP technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this study, examinations were performed on 150 blood samples from cattle without clinical signs. Sensitivity and specificity of two microscopic fields (50 and 100 fields) were compared with A. marginale specific PCR-RFLP. The degree of agreement between PCR-RFLP and the two microscopic tests was determined by Kappa (?) values with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS:PCR-RFLP showed that 58 samples were A. marginale, while routine microscopy showed erythrocytes harboring Anaplasma like structures in 16 and 75 blood samples determined in 50 and 100 microscopic fields respectively. Examination of 50 and 100 microscopic fields showed 25.8% and 91.4% sensitivity and 99% and 76.1% specificity compared to 100% sensitivity and specificity by PCR-RFLP. The Kappa coefficient between PCR-RFLP and Microscopy (50 fields) indicated a fair level of agreement (0.29). The Kappa coefficient between PCR-RFLP and Microscopy (100 fields) indicated a good level of agreement (0.64) CONCLUSION:Our results showed that the microscopic examination remains the convenient technique for day-to-day diagnosis of clinical cases in the laboratory but for the detection of carrier animal with low bacteremia, microscopy with 100 fields is preferable to Microscopy with 50 fields and molecular methods such as PCR-RFLP can be used as a safe method for identifying cattle persistently infected with A. marginale.
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Project description:Background: In order to understand the molecular epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Sri Lanka, since March 2020, we carried out genomic sequencing overlaid on available epidemiological data until April 2021. Methods: Whole genome sequencing was carried out on diagnostic sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs from 373 patients with COVID-19. Molecular clock phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to further explore dominant lineages. Results: The B.1.411 lineage was most prevalent, which was established in Sri Lanka and caused outbreaks throughout the country until March 2021. The estimated time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of this lineage was June 1, 2020 (with 95% lower and upper bounds March 30 to July 27) suggesting cryptic transmission may have occurred, prior to a large epidemic starting in October 2020. Returning travellers were identified with infections caused by lineage B.1.258, as well as the more transmissible B.1.1.7 lineage, which has replaced B.1.411 to fuel the ongoing large outbreak in the country. Conclusions: The large outbreak that started in early October, is due to spread of a single virus lineage, B.1.411 until the end of March 2021, when B.1.1.7 emerged and became the dominant lineage.
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