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Strong time dependence of ocean acidification mitigation by atmospheric carbon dioxide removal.

ABSTRACT: In Paris in 2015, the global community agreed to limit global warming to well below 2?[Formula: see text]C, aiming at even 1.5?[Formula: see text]C. It is still uncertain whether these targets are sufficient to preserve marine ecosystems and prevent a severe alteration of marine biogeochemical cycles. Here, we show that stringent mitigation strategies consistent with the 1.5?[Formula: see text]C scenario could, indeed, provoke a critical difference for the ocean's carbon cycle and calcium carbonate saturation states. Favorable conditions for calcifying organisms like tropical corals and polar pteropods, both of major importance for large ecosystems, can only be maintained if CO[Formula: see text] emissions fall rapidly between 2025 and 2050, potentially requiring an early deployment of CO[Formula: see text] removal techniques in addition to drastic emissions reduction. Furthermore, this outcome can only be achieved if the terrestrial biosphere remains a carbon sink during the entire 21st century.

SUBMITTER: Hofmann M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6898155 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Strong time dependence of ocean acidification mitigation by atmospheric carbon dioxide removal.

Hofmann M M Mathesius S S Kriegler E E Vuuren D P van DPV Schellnhuber H J HJ

Nature communications 20191206 1

In Paris in 2015, the global community agreed to limit global warming to well below 2 [Formula: see text]C, aiming at even 1.5 [Formula: see text]C. It is still uncertain whether these targets are sufficient to preserve marine ecosystems and prevent a severe alteration of marine biogeochemical cycles. Here, we show that stringent mitigation strategies consistent with the 1.5 [Formula: see text]C scenario could, indeed, provoke a critical difference for the ocean's carbon cycle and calcium carbon ...[more]

PMID: 31811135

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Project description:Mechanical ventilation (MV) represents a lifesaving treatment for patients with respiratory failure, but it could be harmful through the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), protective MV strategies with low tidal volume to minimize VILI have been demonstrated to reduce lung injury and mortality. However, they can be limited by the emergence of uncontrolled hypercapnia. Similarly, in COPD patients, noninvasive MV failure often is associated with a progressive rise in arterial CO2 and need for endotracheal intubation, with higher risk of hospital mortality. Minimally invasive extracorporeal CO2 removal systems (ECCO2R) theoretically can remove the entire amount of the CO2 produced in the body per minute. In ARDS patients, ECCO2R may further reduce the risk of VILI ensuring ultraprotective MV and avoiding hypercapnia. In patients with exacerbation of COPD, ECCO2R may help to avoid intubation or facilitate weaning from invasive MV. In intensive care unit, concomitant renal and respiratory failure with MV is one of the strongest risk factors for hospital mortality. Combining ECCO2R and renal replacement therapy may support respiratory and renal functions and limit the side effects of MV. However, the need for systemic anticoagulation and the related risk of bleeding still represent a concern for a wider application of ECCO2R devices. In conclusion, ECCO2R is an effective support therapy to MV to limit its invasiveness and side effects, but its efficacy and safety must be proven in well-designed clinical trials. Objectives This chapter will:1 Explain the physiology of CO2 removal during extracorporeal support.2 Describe potential clinical applications of extracorporeal CO2 removal systems (ECCO2R) support therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as in those with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy.

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Strong time dependence of ocean acidification mitigation by atmospheric carbon dioxide removal.

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Strong time dependence of ocean acidification mitigation by atmospheric carbon dioxide removal.

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