Association between severe unaddressed dental needs and developmental health at school entry in Canada: a cross-sectional study.
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SUBMITTER: Janus M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6898915 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between developmental health and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) in kindergarten children with disabilities.DesignCross-sectional study using population-level database of children's developmental health at school entry (2002-2014).Setting12 of 13 Canadian provinces/territories.MeasuresTaxfiler and Census data between 2005 and 2006, respectively, were aggregated according to custom-created neighbourhood boundaries and used to create an index of neighbourhood-level SES. Developmental health outcomes were measured for 29 520 children with disabilities using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a teacher-completed measure of developmental health across five domains.AnalysisHierarchical generalised linear models were used to test the association between neighbourhood-level SES and developmental health.ResultsAll EDI domains were positively correlated with the neighbourhood-level SES index. The strongest association was observed for the language and cognitive development domain (β (SE): 0.29 (0.02)) and the weakest association was observed for the emotional maturity domain (β (SE): 0.12 (0.01)).ConclusionsThe magnitude of differences observed in EDI scores across neighbourhoods at the 5th and 95th percentiles are similar to the effects of more established predictors of development, such as sex. The association of SES with developmental outcomes in this population may present a potential opportunity for policy interventions to improve immediate and long-term outcomes.
| S-EPMC7213855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dental caries is still a major public health problem owing to its high prevalence and incidence in several regions. Planning and development of effective preventive and treatment modalities for the management of dental caries demand information on disease pattern and treatment needs of the populations. However, there is a paucity of this information in Uganda. The aim of the present study was to identify the dental caries pattern and treatment needs among Ugandan adolescent students. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 11- to 19-year-old adolescents attending two secondary schools in Kampala and Mukono districts of Uganda. At both schools, random sampling was used to select the participating classes and the adolescents. Decayed teeth and treatment needs were recorded using the World Health Organization Basic Oral Health Survey criteria. A total of 406 adolescents comprising of 249 female and 157 male students participated in the study. Data were analysed using STATA, version 12.0. The prevalence of decayed teeth (DT) was expressed as a percentage of individuals with DT score ?1. The treatment needs were categorised into three groups. Associations between dependent and independent variables were evaluated using cross-tabulation, chi-square test, and Poisson regression analysis. The overall prevalence of decayed teeth was 62.6% and mean DT was 1.7?±?2.3. A total of 696 decayed teeth were observed, and the molar teeth, particularly the second molar (50.6%), were the most significantly affected. The prevalence of caries was higher in the mandible (51.4%) compared to the maxilla though the difference was not statistically significant. Decayed teeth were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with difficulty in chewing, history of dental pain in the past 12 months, poor perception of tooth state, and the female participants. Majority (59.4%) of the study participants required restorations of teeth. About 83.2% (n?=?579) of the teeth needed restorations, while 44 needed extractions. In conclusion, the prevalence of decayed teeth was high among the study population. It is recommended that school health programmes should include oral health preventive and curative interventions to achieve optimum health.
| S-EPMC7085876 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Dental caries, dental pain and reported oral problems influence people's oral quality of life and thus their perceived need for dental care. So far there is scant information as to the psychosocial impacts of dental diseases and the perceived treatment need in child populations of sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES: Focusing on primary school students in Kilwa, Tanzania, a district deprived of dental services and with low fluoride concentration in drinking water, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental pain and oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP), and to describe the distribution of OIDP by socio-demographics, dental caries, dental pain and reported oral problems. The relationship of perceived need estimates with OIDP was also investigated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. A total of 1745 students (mean age 13.8 yr, sd = 1.67) completed an extensive personal interview and under-went clinical examination. The impacts on daily performances were assessed using a Kiswahili version of the Child-OIDP instrument and caries experience was recorded using WHO (1997) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 36.2% (41.3% urban and 31.4% rural, p < 0.001) reported at least one OIDP. The prevalence of dental caries was 17.4%, dental pain 36.4%, oral problems 54.1% and perceived need for dental treatment 46.8% in urban students. Corresponding estimates in rural students were 20.8%, 24.4%, 43.3% and 43.8%. Adjusted OR for reporting oral impacts if having dental pain ranged from 2.5 (95% CI 1.8-3.6) (problem smiling) to 4.7 (95% CI 3.4-6.5) (problem sleeping),--if having oral problems, from 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.6) (problem sleeping) to 3.8 (95% CI 2.7-5.2) (problem eating) and if having dental caries from 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.0) (problem eating) to 2.2 (95% CI 1.5-2.9) (problem sleeping). Students who perceived need for dental care were less likely to be females (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) and more likely to have impacts on eating (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.7) and tooth cleaning (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.6-2.5). CONCLUSION: Substantial proportions of students suffered from untreated dental caries, oral impacts on daily performances and perceived need for dental care. Dental pain and reported oral problems varied systematically with OIDP across the eight impacts considered. Eating and tooth cleaning problems discriminated between subjects who perceived need for dental treatment and those who did not.
| S-EPMC2726126 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesEarly identification of distinct patterns of child social-emotional strengths and vulnerabilities has the potential to improve our understanding of child mental health and well-being; however, few studies have explored natural groupings of indicators of child vulnerability and strengths at a population level. The purpose of this study was to examine heterogeneity in the patterns of young children's social and emotional health and investigate the extent to which sociodemographic characteristics were associated.DesignCross-sectional study based on a population-level cohort.SettingAll kindergarten children attending public schools between 2004 and 2007 in British Columbia (BC), Canada.Participants35 818 kindergarten children (age of 5 years) with available linked data from the Early Development Instrument (EDI), BC Ministry of Health and BC Ministry of Education.Outcome measureWe used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of social-emotional health according to children's mean scores across eight social-emotional subscales on the EDI, a teacher-rated measure of children's early development. Subscales measured children's overall social competence, responsibility and respect, approaches to learning, readiness to explore, prosocial behaviour, anxiety, aggression and hyperactivity.ResultsSix social-emotional profiles were identified: (1) overall high social-emotional functioning, (2) inhibited-adaptive (3) uninhibited-adaptive, (4) inhibited-disengaged, (5) uninhibited-aggressive/hyperactive and (6) overall low social-emotional functioning. Boys, children with English as a second language (ESL) status and children with lower household income had higher odds of membership to the lower social-emotional functioning groups; however, this association was less negative among boys with ESL status.ConclusionsOver 40% of children exhibited some vulnerability in early social-emotional health, and profiles were associated with sociodemographic factors. Approximately 9% of children exhibited multiple co-occurring vulnerabilities. This study adds to our understanding of population-level distributions of children's early social-emotional health and identifies profiles of strengths and vulnerabilities that can inform future intervention efforts.
| S-EPMC5642671 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims To establish the current support and knowledge around mental health and equality, diversity and inclusion at a UK Dental School and make suggestions about improvements.Objectives Conduct a survey of dental undergraduate students at Newcastle Dental School to elicit responsesMethods Bachelor of Dental Surgery and Bachelor of Oral and Dental Health Science students at Newcastle University were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey via email. Following electronic consent, an electronic questionnaire via an online form builder was distributed via email. Participants were asked questions on experiences and feelings towards wellbeing support, mental health and equality, diversity and inclusion topics, including improvements that could be made.Results In total, 89 students participated. The majority of participants were white, women and heterosexual. Wellbeing support was present and generally accessible. Students were aware of mental health conditions but unsure how to manage them in a clinical setting. Students were generally unaware of barriers to care faced by LGBT+ and racialised minority patients. Students were mainly uncomfortable disclosing personal issues with their personal tutor. Students responded positively to some suggested improvements in support and education surrounding mental health and inclusivity.Conclusion Our study highlighted the areas where Newcastle Dental School continues to provide high levels of support for students but also areas that may require attention through further study and focus groups, with an aim to increase diversity of respondents so that further exploration regarding the intersectionality of identity can be undertaken.
| S-EPMC9756726 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The shortage of dentists working in rural hospitals is an important public health problem resulting from dentist distribution inequity. The Ministry of Public Health of Thailand (MoPH) has implemented a policy of recruiting students with a rural background to be dental students and return home after graduating. This study aims to examine the relationship between admission tracks during the academic years 2005-2011 on retaining dentists in Thai government service and identify the factors associated with retention and resignation. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire from 287 dentists who graduated from Chulalongkorn University (CU) between 2010 and 2016. Follow-up data consisted of the admission track, number of years spent in Thai government service, and factors that influenced their decision to stay or resign from Thai government service. Chi-squared analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS:The overall retention rate in Thai government service was 58.2%. Dentists in the rural track had a significantly higher retention rate than the normal track (p = 0.023). Female dentists who were married and graduated less than 3?years had a significantly higher resignation rate than others (p < 0.05). The main reasons for retention were "security in the profession," "high chance to pursue specialty training in the future," and "close proximity to hometown." Dentists from the CU rural admission tracks chose "close proximity to hometown" as the top reason, while others selected "security in the profession." The main reasons influencing resignation were "workplace far away from hometown" and "getting specialty training." CONCLUSIONS:These results indicate that dentists in the rural track had a significantly higher retention rate than the normal track. The most important factor influencing both retention and resignation was workplace location, where being near to their hometown improved the retention rate of rural dentists. Therefore, the MoPH should increase student admission into the rural track to resolve the inequity in dentist distribution.
| S-EPMC6988324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn many developing countries, the prevalence of dental caries has increased due to lifestyle changes, lack of preventive services, and inadequate access to dental care. In Arab countries, the increased prevalence of caries has correlated with economic growth over the past decades, resulting in greater access to unhealthy foods and higher consumption of sugar, particularly among children. However, few studies have assessed caries prevalence among pediatric populations in Arab countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and factors associated with caries among children in Tripoli, Libya.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 1934 children in first grade (age 6-7 years, n = 1000) and seventh grade (age 11-12 years, n = 934). Four health centers in Tripoli were selected for screening based on location and participation in school-entry health examinations. Data were collected through self-administered parent surveys and visual dental screenings by trained examiners from September 24 to October 15, 2019. The survey comprised questions about socioeconomic characteristics and oral health behaviors, including toothbrushing, sugar consumption, and dental care history. During screenings, untreated decay, missing teeth, and filled teeth (DMFT or dmft) were recorded. Prevalence of tooth decay was calculated as the proportion of children with high DMFT/dmft scores. Binary logistic and negative binomial regression analyses (with significance at p ≤ 0.05) were used to assess factors associated with caries.ResultsAmong 1000 first-grade children, 78.0% had decay in their primary teeth, with a mean dmft of 3.7. Among 934 seventh-grade children, 48.2% had caries in their permanent teeth, with a mean DMFT of 1.7. The most significant factors associated with caries prevalence were socioeconomic, such as screening site (first grade, p = 0.02; seventh grade, p < 0.001) and maternal employment (seventh grade, p = 0.02), and behavioral, such as toothbrushing duration (seventh grade, p = 0.01), past dental treatment (both grades, p < 0.001), and past emergency visit (both grades, p < 0.001).ConclusionsCaries prevalence was associated with several behavioral and socioeconomic factors, including screening site, maternal employment, toothbrushing duration, past dental treatment, and past emergency visit. Efforts should be made to address these factors to minimize barriers and improve oral health behavior and care utilization. These findings can be used to evaluate current public health initiatives and inform future planning.
| S-EPMC8086357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Although there is an ongoing understanding of psoriasis vulgaris (PV) pathogenesis, little is known about the proteomic diversity of psoriatic lesions between moderate and severe psoriasis. Objective: To evaluate the proteomic differences between moderate and severe psoriasis and determine biomarkers associated with disease severity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we report a proteomic analysis of psoriatic lesions from patients with severe PV (sPV group, n=7) using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), as compared with patients with moderate psoriasis (mPV group, n=8). Results: 173 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were significantly differentially expressed between the sPV and mPV groups. Among them, 85 proteins were upregulated, while 88 were downregulated (FC ≥±1.5, P <0.05). Eighteen DEPs were mainly enriched in the IL−17 signalling pathway, Neutrophil extracellular trap formation, Neutrophil degranulation and NF−kappa B signalling pathway, which were associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. Ingenuity pathway (IPA) analysis identified TNF and TDP53 as the top upstream up-regulators, while Lipopolysaccharide and YAP1 were the top potential down-regulators. The main active pathways were antimicrobial peptides and PTEN signalling, while the inhibitory pathways were the neutrophil extracellular trap pathway, neutrophil degranulation, and IL-8 signalling. 4D-parallel reaction monitoring (4D-PRM) analysis suggested that KRT6A were downregulated in sPV.
2024-06-06 | PXD052886 |
Project description:Early childhood development provides an important foundation for the development of human capital. Although there is a clear relation between stunting and child development outcomes, less information is available about the developmental and behavioural outcomes of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Particularly an important research gap exists in Sub-Saharan Africa where there is a high prevalence of SAM and a high rate of co-occurring HIV (human immune deficiency virus) infection. Our first objective was to assess the prevalence and severity of developmental and behavioural disorders on a cohort of children admitted to an inpatient nutritional rehabilitation centre in Malawi. Our second objective was to compare the developmental and behavioural profiles of children with the two main phenotypes of SAM: kwashiorkor and marasmus.This was a cross-sectional observational study including all children hospitalized with complicated SAM in Blantyre, Malawi over an 8-month period from February to October 2015. At discharge, children were assessed with the well-validated Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT) for gross motor, fine motor, language and social development. In children ?24 months, emotional and behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).150 children (55% boys) with SAM were recruited; mean age of 27.2 months (standard deviation 17.9), 27 children (18%) had pre-existing neurodisabilities (ND) and 34 (23%) had a co-occurring human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection. All children with SAM experienced profound delays in the gross and fine motor, language and social domains. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that children with kwashiorkor scored 0.75 standard deviations lower (95% confidence interval -1.43 to -0.07) on language MDAT domain than children with marasmus when adjusted for covariates. The prosocial behaviour score of the SDQ was low in children with SAM, indicating a lack of sensitive behaviour in social interactions.Children with SAM have severe developmental delays after a hospital admission. Our results indicate that there might be a significant difference in developmental attainment between children with kwashiorkor and with marasmus. Future studies exploring longer-term outcomes and testing possible intervention strategies are urgently needed.
| S-EPMC5735778 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesOral health inequality in children is a widespread and well-documented problem in oral healthcare. However, objective and reliable methods to determine these inequalities in all oral health aspects, including both dental attendance and oral health, are rather scarce.AimsTo explore oral health inequalities and to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on oral health, oral health behaviour and dental compliance of primary school children.MethodsData collection was executed in 2014 within a sample of 2216 children in 105 primary schools in Flanders, by means of an oral examination and a validated questionnaire. Intermutual Agency database was consulted to objectively determine individuals' social state and frequency of utilisation of oral healthcare services. Underprivileged children were compared with more fortunate children for their mean DMFt, DMFs, plaque index, care index (C, restorative index (RI), treatment index (TI), knowledge and attitude. Differences in proportions for dichotomous variables (RI100%, TI100% and being a regular dental attender) were analysed. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Ghent (2010/061). All parents signed an informed consent form prior to data collection. All schools received information about the study protocol and agreed to participate. Children requiring dental treatment or periodic recall were referred to the local dentist.ResultsUnderprivileged children had higher D1MFT (95% CI 0.87 to 1.36), D3MT (95% CI 0.30 to 0.64), plaque scores (95% CI 0.12 to 0.23) and lower care level (p<0.02). In the low-income group, 78.4% was caries-free, compared with 88.4% for the other children. Half of the low-income children could be considered as regular dental attenders, while 12.6% did not have any dental visit during a 5-year period.ConclusionOral health, oral hygiene, oral healthcare level and dental attendance patterns are negatively affected by children's social class, leading to oral health inequalities in Belgian primary school children.
| S-EPMC5541598 | biostudies-literature