Dataset Information

Network-Targeted, Multi-site Direct Cortical Stimulation Enhances Working Memory by Modulating Phase Lag of Low-Frequency Oscillations.

ABSTRACT: Working memory is mediated by the coordinated activation of frontal and parietal cortices occurring in the theta and alpha frequency ranges. Here, we test whether electrically stimulating frontal and parietal regions at the frequency of interaction is effective in modulating working memory. We identify working memory nodes that are functionally connected in theta and alpha frequency bands and intracranially stimulate both nodes simultaneously in participants performing working memory tasks. We find that in-phase stimulation results in improvements in performance compared to sham stimulation. In addition, in-phase stimulation results in decreased phase lag between regions within working memory network, while anti-phase stimulation results in increased phase lag, suggesting that shorter phase lag in oscillatory connectivity may lead to better performance. The results support the idea that phase lag may play a key role in information transmission across brain regions. Thus, brain stimulation strategies to improve cognition may require targeting multiple nodes of brain networks.

SUBMITTER: Alagapan S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6901101 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Network-Targeted, Multi-site Direct Cortical Stimulation Enhances Working Memory by Modulating Phase Lag of Low-Frequency Oscillations.

Alagapan Sankaraleengam S Riddle Justin J Huang Wei Angel WA Hadar Eldad E Shin Hae Won HW Fröhlich Flavio F

Cell reports 20191101 9

Working memory is mediated by the coordinated activation of frontal and parietal cortices occurring in the theta and alpha frequency ranges. Here, we test whether electrically stimulating frontal and parietal regions at the frequency of interaction is effective in modulating working memory. We identify working memory nodes that are functionally connected in theta and alpha frequency bands and intracranially stimulate both nodes simultaneously in participants performing working memory tasks. We f ...[more]

PMID: 31775030

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Project description:Working memory (WM) often is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Such impairment may underlie core deficits in cognition and social functioning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to enhance WM in both healthy adults and clinical populations, but its efficacy in ASD is unknown. We predicted that bifrontal tDCS would improve WM performances of adults with high-functioning autism during active stimulation compared to sham stimulation and that such enhancement would generalize to an untrained task.Twelve adults with high-functioning ASD engaged in a battery of WM tasks that included backward spatial span, backward digit span, spatial n-back and letter n-back. While engaged, 40 min of 1.5 mA bifrontal stimulation was applied over the left and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC). Using a single-blind crossover design, each participant received left anodal/right cathodal stimulation, right anodal/left cathodal stimulation, or sham stimulation, in randomized counterbalanced order on three separate days. Following tDCS, participants again engaged in letter and spatial n-back tasks before taking the Brief Test of Attention (BTA). We used repeated-measures ANOVA to compare overall performance on the WM battery as measured by a composite of z-scores for all five measures. Post hoc ANOVAs, t tests, Friedman's tests, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to measure the online and offline effects of tDCS and to assess performances on individual measures.Compared to sham stimulation, both left DLPFC anodal stimulation (t11 = 5.4, p = 0.0002) and right DLPFC anodal stimulation (t11 = 3.57, p = 0.004) improved overall WM performance. Left anodal stimulation (t11 = 3.9, p = 0.003) and right anodal stimulation (t11 = 2.7, p = 0.019) enhanced performances during stimulation. Enhancement transferred to an untrained task 50 min after right anodal stimulation (z11 = 2.263, p = 0.024). The tasks that showed the largest effects of active stimulation were spatial span backward (z11 = 2.39, p = 0.017) and BTA (z11 = 2.263, p = 0.024).In adults with high-functioning ASD, active bifrontal tDCS given during WM tasks appears to improve performance. TDCS benefits also transferred to an untrained task completed shortly after stimulation. These results suggest that tDCS can improve WM task performance and could reduce some core deficits of autism.NCT01602263.

Dataset Information

Network-Targeted, Multi-site Direct Cortical Stimulation Enhances Working Memory by Modulating Phase Lag of Low-Frequency Oscillations.

Publications

Network-Targeted, Multi-site Direct Cortical Stimulation Enhances Working Memory by Modulating Phase Lag of Low-Frequency Oscillations.

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