Dataset Information

Expression QTL (eQTLs) Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Associated With Fruit Flesh Softening Rate in Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch].

ABSTRACT: Significant differences in softening rate have been reported between melting flesh in peach and nectarine varieties. This trait seems to be controlled by several genes. We aimed to identify candidate genes involved in fruit softening rate by integrating quantitative trait loci (QTL) and expression QTL (eQTL) analyses, comparing siblings with contrasting softening rates. We used a segregating population derived from nectarine cv. 'Venus' selfing, which was phenotyped for softening rate during three seasons. Six siblings with high (HSR) and six with low softening rate (LSR) were sequenced using RNA-Seq. A group of 5,041 differentially expressed genes was identified. Also, we found a QTL with a LOD (logarithm of odds) score of 9.7 on LG4 in all analyzed seasons. Furthermore, we detected 1,062 eQTLs, of which 133 were found co-localizing with the identified QTL. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed 'Response to auxin' as one the main over-represented categories. Our findings suggest over-expression of auxin biosynthetic related genes in the HSR group, which implies a higher expression and/or accumulation of auxin, thereby triggering fast softening. Conversely, the LSR phenotype might be explained by an altered auxin-homeostasis associated with low auxin levels. This work will contribute to unraveling the genetic mechanisms responsible for the softening rate in peaches and nectarines and lead to the development of molecular markers.

SUBMITTER: Carrasco-Valenzuela T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6901599 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Expression QTL (eQTLs) Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Associated With Fruit Flesh Softening Rate in Peach [<i>Prunus persica</i> (L.) Batsch].

Carrasco-Valenzuela Tomás T Muñoz-Espinoza Claudia C Riveros Aníbal A Pedreschi Romina R Arús Pere P Campos-Vargas Reinaldo R Meneses Claudio C

Frontiers in plant science 20191203

Significant differences in softening rate have been reported between melting flesh in peach and nectarine varieties. This trait seems to be controlled by several genes. We aimed to identify candidate genes involved in fruit softening rate by integrating quantitative trait loci (QTL) and expression QTL (eQTL) analyses, comparing siblings with contrasting softening rates. We used a segregating population derived from nectarine cv. 'Venus' selfing, which was phenotyped for softening rate during thr ...[more]

PMID: 31850046

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Project description:BackgroundHigh-density genetic mapping is a valuable tool for mapping loci that control specific traits for perennial fruit trees. Peach is an economically important fruit tree and a model Rosaceae species for genomic and genetic research. In peach, even though many molecular markers, genetic maps and QTL mappings have been reported, further research on the improvement of marker numbers, map densities, QTL accuracy and candidate gene identification is still warranted.ResultsA high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based peach linkage map was constructed using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). This genetic map consisted of 7998 SLAF markers, spanning 1098.79 cM with an average distance of 0.17 cM between adjacent markers. A total of 40 QTLs and 885 annotated candidate genes were detected for 10 fruit-related traits, including fruit weight (FW), fruit diameter (FD), percentage of red skin colour (PSC), eating quality (EQ), fruit flavour (FV), red in flesh (RF), red around pit (RP), adherence to pit (AP), fruit development period (FDP) and fruit fibre content (FFC). Eighteen QTLs for soluble solid content (SSC) were identified along LGs 1, 4, 5, and 6 in 2015 and 2016, and 540 genes were annotated in QTL intervals. Thirty-two QTLs for fruit acidity content (FA) were detected on LG1, and 2, 4, 5, 6, and 1232 candidate genes were identified. The expression profiles of 2 candidate genes for SSC and 4 for FA were analysed in parents and their offspring.ConclusionsWe constructed a high-density genetic map in peach based on SLAF-seq, which may contribute to the identification of important agronomic trait loci. Ninety QTLs for 12 fruit-related traits were identified, most of which overlapped with previous reports, and some new QTLs were obtained. A large number of candidate genes for fruit-related traits were screened and identified. These results may improve our understanding of the genetic control of fruit quality traits and provide useful information in marker-assisted selection for fruit quality in peach breeding programmes.

Project description:MADS-box genes encode a family of eukaryotic transcription factors distinguished by the presence of a highly-conserved ~58 amino acid DNA-binding and dimerization domain (the MADS-box). The central role played by MADS-box genes in peach endodormancy regulation led us to examine this large gene family in more detail. We identified the locations and sequences of 79 MADS-box genes in peach, separated them into established subfamilies, and broadly surveyed their tissue-specific and dormancy-induced expression patterns using next-generation sequencing. We then focused on the dormancy-related SVP/AGL24 and FLC subfamilies, comparing their numbers and phylogenetic relationships with those of other sequenced woody perennial genomes.We identified 79 MADS-box genes distributed across all eight peach chromosomes and frequently located in clusters of two or more genes. They encode proteins with a mean length of 248?±?72 amino acids and include representatives from most of the thirteen Type II (MIKC) subfamilies, as well as members of the Type I M?, M?, and M? subfamilies. Most Type I genes were present in species-specific monophyletic lineages, and their expression in the peach sporophyte was low or absent. Most Type II genes had Arabidopsis orthologs and were expressed at much higher levels throughout vegetative and fruit tissues. During short-day-induced growth cessation, seven Type II genes from the SVP/AGL24, AGL17, and SEP subfamilies showed significant changes in expression. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that multiple, independent expansions have taken place within the SVP/AGL24 and FLC lineages in woody perennial species.Most Type I genes appear to have arisen through tandem duplications after the divergence of the Arabidopsis and peach lineages, whereas Type II genes appear to have increased following whole genome duplication events. An exception to the latter rule occurs in the FLC and SVP/AGL24 Type II subfamilies, in which species-specific tandem duplicates have been retained in a number of perennial species. These subfamilies comprise part of a genetic toolkit that regulates endodormancy transitions, but phylogenetic and expression data suggest that individual orthologs may not function identically across all species.

Project description:Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been emerged as an effective method to explore the gene function and regulatory mechanisms. However, selecting appropriate reference gene (s) is a prerequisite for obtaining accurate qRT-PCR results. Peach is one of important fruit in Rosaceae and is widely cultivated worldwide. In this study, to explore reliable reference gene (s) in peach with different types during fruit ripening and softening (S1-S4), nine candidate reference genes (EF-1α, GAPDH, TBP, UBC, eIF-4α, TUB-A, TUB-B, ACTIN, and HIS) were selected from the whole-genome data. Then, the expression levels of the nine selected genes were detected using qRT-PCR in three peach types, including 'Hakuho' (melting type), 'Xiacui' (stony hard type), 'Fantasia' and 'NJC108' (non-melting type) cultivars were detected using qRT-PCR. Four software (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder) were applied to evaluate the expression stability of these candidate reference genes. Gene expression was characterized in different peach types during fruit ripening and softening stages. The overall performance of each candidate in all samples was evaluated. The Actin gene (ACTIN) was a suitable reference gene and displayed excellent stability in 'Total' set, 'Hakuho' samples, S3 and S4 fruit developmental stages. Ubiquitin C gene (UBC) showed the best stability in most independent samples, including 'Fantasia', 'NJC108', S2 sets. Elongation factor-1α gene (EF-1α) was the most unstable gene across the set of all samples, 'NJC108' and S2 sets, while showed the highest stability in 'Xiacui' samples. The stability of candidate reference genes was further verified by analyzing the relative expression level of ethylene synthase gene of Prunus persica (PpACS1) in fruit ripening and softening periods of 'Hakuho'. Taken together, the results from this study provide a basis for future research on the mining of important functional genes, expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms in peach.

Dataset Information

Expression QTL (eQTLs) Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Associated With Fruit Flesh Softening Rate in Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch].

Publications

Expression QTL (eQTLs) Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Associated With Fruit Flesh Softening Rate in Peach [<i>Prunus persica</i> (L.) Batsch].

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