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Transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland underlying decreased lactation performance in mice under heat stress.

ABSTRACT: Because of climate change, heat stress (HS) causes more and more impacts on dairy animals to decrease lactation performance. The neuroendocrine system is key in regulating systemic physiological processes and milk synthesis. However, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis response to HS is still unclear. In this study, a group of lactating mice underwent a daily 2-h heat treatment (36°C) for 14 d to explore possible cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and mammary gland under HS. Transcriptome analyses by multitissue RNA-Seq indicated the possible mechanisms of reduced lactation performance in animals under HS. In the hypothalamus, the cAMP signaling pathway was activated to resist neuronal death, and the expression of downstream genes was increased to promote cell survival under HS. Reduced food intake might be caused by down-regulated appetite-related peptide, whereas up-regulated neuropeptide Y acted to attenuate reduced food intake. In pituitary, energy stress from lower food intake might result in reduced secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. Under HS, the mammary gland may undergo hypoxic stress, causing mammary epithelial cell apoptosis. Together, these data showed systemic changes in tissues to accommodate the effects of HS on lactation.-Han, J., Shao, J., Chen, Q., Sun, H., Guan, L., Li, Y., Liu, J., Liu, H. Transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland underlying decreased lactation performance in mice under heat stress.

SUBMITTER: Han J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6902726 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland underlying decreased lactation performance in mice under heat stress.

Han Jialiang J Shao Juanjuan J Chen Qiong Q Sun Huizeng H Guan Leluo L Li Yongxin Y Liu Jianxin J Liu Hongyun H

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20190831 11

Because of climate change, heat stress (HS) causes more and more impacts on dairy animals to decrease lactation performance. The neuroendocrine system is key in regulating systemic physiological processes and milk synthesis. However, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis response to HS is still unclear. In this study, a group of lactating mice underwent a daily 2-h heat treatment (36°C) for 14 d to explore possible cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and mammary gland under HS. Transcri ...[more]

PMID: 31480864

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Project description:Heat stress (HS) is directly correlated to mammary gland dysfunction in dairy cows, especially in summer. The hypothalamic-pituitary-mammary gland axis (HPM axis) plays an important role in the regulation of stress response and lactation physiology in heat-stressed dairy cows. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA profile, and the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland tissues of heat-stressed and normal dairy cows. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, and the ceRNA regulatory network was established in HPM-axis-related tissues. Our results showed that a total of 13, 702 and 202 DE lncRNAs were identified in hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary glands, respectively. Of lncRNAs, 8, 209 and 45 were up-regulated, and 5, 493 and 157 lncRNAs were down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that DE lncRNAs target genes that might play a role in hormone synthesis, secretion and action, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Moreover, the ceRNA regulatory network associated with the MAPK signaling pathway in HPM-axis-related tissues contains 3286 lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Furthermore, the ceRNA regulatory network associated with apoptosis, prolactin, AMPK, and mTOR signaling pathway in the mammary gland contains 772 lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Thus, some lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of stress response and the physiological process of lactation. The changes in lncRNA expression profiles and ceRNAs (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) in HPM-axis-related tissues are the key to affect the stress response and lactation physiology of dairy cows under HS, which provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism in the stress response of HPM-axis-related tissues in dairy cows under HS.

Project description:Purpose: To detect the presence of antipituitary (APA) and antihypothalamus antibodies (AHA) in subjects treated for brain cancers, and to evaluate their potential association with pituitary dysfunction. Methods: We evaluated 63 patients with craniopharyngioma, glioma, and germinoma treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy at a median age of 13 years. Forty-one had multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD), six had a single pituitary defect. GH was the most common defect (65.1%), followed by AVP (61.9%), TSH (57.1%), ACTH (49.2%), and gonadotropin (38.1%). APA and AHA were evaluated by simple indirect immunofluorescence method indirect immunofluorescence in patients and in 50 healthy controls. Results: Circulating APA and/or AHA were found in 31 subjects (49.2%) and in none of the healthy controls. In particular, 25 subjects out of 31 were APA (80.6%), 26 were AHA (83.90%), and 20 were both APA and AHA (64.5%). Nine patients APA and/or AHA have craniopharyngioma (29%), seven (22.6%) have glioma, and 15 (48.4%) have germinoma. Patients with craniopharyngioma were positive for at least one antibody in 39.1% compared to 33.3% of patients with glioma and to 78.9% of those with germinoma with an analogous distribution for APA and AHA between the three tumors. The presence of APA or AHA and of both APA and AHA was significantly increased in patients with germinoma. The presence of APA (P = 0.001) and their titers (P = 0.001) was significantly associated with the type of tumor in the following order: germinomas, craniopharyngiomas, and gliomas; an analogous distribution was observed for the presence of AHA (P = 0.002) and their titers (P = 0.012). In addition, we found a significant association between radiotherapy and APA (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Brain tumors especially germinoma are associated with the development of hypothalamic-pituitary antibodies and pituitary defects. The correct interpretation of APA/AHA antibodies is essential to avoid a misdiagnosis of an autoimmune infundibulo-neurohypophysitis or pituitary hypophysitis in patients with germinoma.

Dataset Information

Transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland underlying decreased lactation performance in mice under heat stress.

Publications

Transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland underlying decreased lactation performance in mice under heat stress.

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