Dataset Information

Association of ?-Blocker Use With Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the TOPCAT Trial.

ABSTRACT: Importance:?-Blockers are prescribed to most patients with heart failure (HF) with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but their effect on HFpEF remains unclear. Objective:To determine the association of ?-blocker use with HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, overall and in strata of patients with an ejection fraction (EF) of 50% or greater or less than 50%. Design, Setting, and Participants:For 1761 participants from North and South America enrolled in the multicenter, double-blinded Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist randomized clinical trial of spironolactone for patients with HFpEF between August 10, 2006, and January 31, 2012, the association of baseline ?-blocker use with HF hospitalization and CVD mortality was analyzed using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, overall and in strata of patients with an EF of 50% or greater or less than 50%. Participants had symptomatic HF with a left ventricular EF of 45% or greater, with enrollment based on either hospitalization attributed to decompensated HF in the prior year or elevated natriuretic peptide levels. Statistical analysis was performed from January 31 to May 2, 2019. Exposure:Use of ?-blockers. Main Outcomes and Measures:Incident HF hospitalization and CVD mortality. Results:Among 1761 participants included in the analysis (879 women and 882 men; mean [SD] age, 71.5 [9.6] years), 1394 (79.2%) reported ?-blocker use and 1567 (89.0%) had an EF of 50% or greater. Hospitalizations for HF occurred for 399 participants (22.7%), and CVD mortality occurred for 229 participants (13.0%). Use of ?-blockers was associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization among patients with HFpEF with an EF of 50% or greater (hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.28-2.37]; P?

SUBMITTER: Silverman DN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6902757 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of β-Blocker Use With Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the TOPCAT Trial.

Silverman Daniel N DN Plante Timothy B TB Infeld Margaret M Callas Peter W PW Juraschek Stephen P SP Dougherty Geoff B GB Meyer Markus M

JAMA network open 20191202 12

<h4>Importance</h4>β-Blockers are prescribed to most patients with heart failure (HF) with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but their effect on HFpEF remains unclear.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the association of β-blocker use with HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, overall and in strata of patients with an ejection fraction (EF) of 50% or greater or less than 50%.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>For 1761 participants from North and South America en ...[more]

PMID: 31800067

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Project description:Importance:Contemporary clinical trials of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) apply natriuretic peptide (NP) thresholds to identify patients who are more likely to have the disease of interest and to enrich the baseline risk of the enrolled cohort. Objective:To determine whether age, race/ethnicity, obesity, renal function, and atrial fibrillation (AF) affect the levels of NPs in HFpEF and whether the prognostic significance of NPs varies in these clinically important subgroups. Design, Setting, and Participants:This secondary analysis of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT) evaluated the distribution and prognostic significance of NPs across 6 subgroups comprising 1057 adult patients (60%) in the Americas region of TOPCAT with symptomatic heart failure (HF) and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% or more with available NPs at baseline. Exposures:Natriuretic peptides were log-transformed and standardized (expressed per 1 SD, z score) and assessed in 6 subgroups: age (cutoff, 70 years), black race, body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; cutoff, 30 kg/m2), waist circumference (cutoff, 102 cm for men, 88 cm for women), estimated glomerular filtration rate (cutoff, 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and a history of AF. Main Outcomes and Measures:Time to composite cardiovascular death, hospitalization for HF, or aborted cardiac arrest at mean (SD) 2.4-year (1.5) follow-up. Results:Of 1057 participants, the mean (SD) age was 72 (10) years, 183 (17.3%) were black, the mean (SD) BMI was 33.4 (8.6) kg/m2, the mean (SD) estimated glomerular filtration rate was 64.6 (21.8) mL/min/1.73 m2, and 472 (45%) had a history of AF. Median B-type NP (n?=?698) and N-terminal pro-B-type NP concentrations (n?=?359) were 257 (interquartile range, 149-443) ng/L and 959 (interquartile range, 554-2015) ng/L, respectively. Natriuretic peptide concentrations varied by up to 0.5 SD within the 6 subgroups, being higher in older patients with nonblack race, a lower BMI, a lower waist circumference, a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a history of AF. Elevated NP levels (per 1-SD increase) were independently associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.22-1.54; P?<?.001) consistently across all investigated subgroups (interaction P?>?.05). In TOPCAT Americas (n?=?1767), 791 (45%) were enrolled based on elevated NP levels as the qualifying criterion (as opposed to a history of HF hospitalization). This proportion was 31% (93 of 302), 34% (258 of 760), and 39% (443 of 1144) for black race, younger than 70 years, and a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance:Natriuretic peptides remain important biomarkers of prognosis in HFpEF, even in subgroups who tend to have lower NP levels. A single, absolute NP threshold for inclusion in contemporary HFpEF trials may lead to an underrepresentation of certain demographic and clinical subgroups. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00094302.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to investigate sex differences in outcomes and responses to spironolactone in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). BACKGROUND:HFpEF affects women more frequently than men. Sex differences in responses to effects of mineralocorticoid antagonists have not been reported. METHODS:This was an exploratory, post hoc, non-pre-specified analysis of the TOPCAT (Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy for Adults With Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function) trial. Subjects with symptomatic HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction ?45% were randomized to spironolactone or placebo therapy. Subjects enrolled from the Americas were analyzed. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, cardiac arrest, or HF hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, CV, and non-CV mortality and CV, HF, and non-CV hospitalization. Sex differences in outcomes and treatment effects were determined using time-to-event analysis. RESULTS:In total, 882 of 1,767 subjects (49.9%) were women. Women were older with fewer comorbidities but worse patient-reported outcomes. There were no sex differences in outcomes in the placebo arm or in response to spironolactone for the primary outcome or its components. Spironolactone therapy was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in women (hazard ratio: 0.66; p = 0.01) but not in men (pinteraction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:In TOPCAT, women and men presented with different clinical profiles and similar clinical outcomes. The interaction between spironolactone and sex in TOPCAT overall and in the present analysis was nonsignificant for the primary outcome, but there was a reduction in all-cause mortality associated with spironolactone therapy in women, with a significant interaction between sex and treatment arm. Prospective evaluation is needed to determine whether spironolactone therapy may be effective for treatment of HFpEF in women. (Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy for Adults With Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function [TOPCAT]; NCT00094302).

Dataset Information

Association of ?-Blocker Use With Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the TOPCAT Trial.

Publications

Association of β-Blocker Use With Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the TOPCAT Trial.

Similar Datasets

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