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Long-term impact of oral surgery with or without amoxicillin on the oral microbiome-A prospective cohort study.


ABSTRACT: Routine postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for third molar extractions. However, amoxicillin still continues to be used customarily in several clinical practices worldwide to prevent infections. A prospective cohort study was conducted in cohorts who underwent third molar extractions with (group EA, n?=?20) or without (group E, n?=?20) amoxicillin (250?mg three times daily for 5 days). Further, a control group without amoxicillin and extractions (group C, n?=?17) was included. Salivary samples were collected at baseline, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-weeks and 3 months to assess the bacterial shift and antibiotic resistance gene changes employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina-Miseq) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A further 6-month follow-up was performed for groups E and EA. Seven operational taxonomic units reported a significant change from baseline to 3 months for group EA (adjusted p??0.05). In conclusion, the salivary microbiome is resilient to an antibiotic challenge by a low-dose regimen of amoxicillin. Further studies evaluating the effect of routinely used higher dose regimens of amoxicillin on gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes are warranted.

SUBMITTER: Menon RK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6904678 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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