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Will Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use reduce smoking disparities? Prevalence of daily ENDS use among cigarette smokers.

ABSTRACT: Many smokers reported using Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS, e.g., electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes) to quit cigarette smoking. Previous studies suggested that daily ENDS use may promote cigarette smoking cessation. We assessed variations in the prevalence of daily ENDS use among adult smokers by demographics and implications for cigarette smoking disparities. Data were from a nationally representative sample of US adults who participated in the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n = 163,920). Participants reported socio-demographics, current cigarette smoking, current ENDS use, and past-year cigarette smoking cessation attempts. We estimated the prevalence of current cigarette smoking in the full sample by socio-demographics. We also estimated the prevalence of daily ENDS use among current smokers (n = 23,232) and those who attempted to quit smoking in the past year (n = 9,341) by socio-demographics. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between daily ENDS use and socio-demographics. Prevalence of daily ENDS use was low: 1-6% among current smokers and 2-9% among those who made a past-year quit attempt, across socio-demographics. Hispanic (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.69) and non-Hispanic black smokers (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.23-0.61) were less likely than non-Hispanic white smokers to use ENDS daily. Similar associations were observed among current smokers who made a past-year quit attempt (p < 0.05). Low prevalence of daily ENDS use suggests that ENDS may only promote smoking cessation in a small fraction of smokers. Lower prevalence of daily ENDS use among non-Hispanic black smokers may worsen race-related cigarette smoking disparities.

SUBMITTER: Choi K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6909091 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background: The microbiome is increasingly being linked to cancer risk. Little is known about the lung and oral cavity microbiomes in healthy smokers (SM), and even less for electronic cigarette (EC) users, compared healthy never-smokers (NS). Methods: In a cross-sectional pilot study of SM (N=8), EC users (N=10) and NS (N=10) saliva and bronchoscopy-collected bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected. Bacteria species were identified through metatranscriptome profiling by RNA-sequencing to study associations with the lung and oral microbiome. Pairwise comparisons and linear modeling was assessed with false discovery rates <0.1. Results: Total bacterial load was similar for the SM, EC users and NS, and there was no differences in the bacterial diversity across groups. In the lung, there were 44 bacterial species that were statistically significantly different for SM/NS, 80% of which were decreased in the SM. There were 12 bacterial species that were different for SM/EC users, all of which were decreased, 10 of which were also identified in the SM/NS comparison. The 2 bacterial species unique to SM/EC comparison were Neisseria sp. KEM232 and Curvibacter sp. AEP1-3. From the top 5 decreased species in SM/EC, 3 were also identified in the SM/NS comparison (Neisseria elongata, Neisseria sicca, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae) and 2 of these were unique to the SM/EC comparison (Neisseria zoodegmatis and Ottowia sp. oral taxon 894). There were 8 species increased in SM compared to NS, none of which are known to be clinically significant. In the oral microbiome, 152 bacteria species were differentially abundant for the SM/NS analysis, and only 17 for the EC/NS comparison, all which were also present in SM/NS comparisons. There were 21 bacteria that were differentially abundant in both the lung and oral cavity for SM and NS, 95% also were decreased in the SM. Conclusion: Smoking and EC use do not appear to materially affect the lung microbiome, although differences are noted of unclear clinical significance. Most differentially abundant bacteria decreased, which may be due to a toxic effect of cigarette smoke, including a change in humidity or heating. Given the low number of overlapping oral and lung microbes, the oral microbiome does not appear to be a good surrogate for smoking-related effects in the lung.

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Will Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use reduce smoking disparities? Prevalence of daily ENDS use among cigarette smokers.

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