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Electrochemical Oxidation of Sulfonamides with Boron-Doped Diamond and Pt Anodes.

ABSTRACT: Electrochemical oxidation processes usually favored specific degradation pathways depending on anode materials. In this work, a series of sulfonamides (SNs) were degraded by electrochemical oxidation. Compared to Pt anodes (0.1567-0.1795?h-1), degradation rates of SNs were much higher at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes (2.4290-13.1950?h-1). However, the same intermediates were detected in the two anode systems. Due to the strong oxidizing ability of BDD anodes, a large amount of intermediates with high toxicities were initially generated and then finally reduced in the BDD anode systems, while the amount of intermediates continuously increased in the Pt anode systems. Additionally, SNs were degraded faster in Na2SO4 than NaH2PO4 electrolytes at BDD anodes, while they were similar at Pt anodes. This study demonstrated that the degradation pathways of SNs at BDD and Pt anodes were similar, but the evolutions of intermediate amounts and toxicities were different due to their varied oxidizing abilities.

SUBMITTER: Li H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6909879 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electrochemical Oxidation of Sulfonamides with Boron-Doped Diamond and Pt Anodes.

Li Hongna H Jiang Huan H Liu Chong C Zhu Changxiong C Zhu Xiuping P XP

ChemistryOpen 20191213 12

Electrochemical oxidation processes usually favored specific degradation pathways depending on anode materials. In this work, a series of sulfonamides (SNs) were degraded by electrochemical oxidation. Compared to Pt anodes (0.1567-0.1795 h<sup>-1</sup>), degradation rates of SNs were much higher at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes (2.4290-13.1950 h<sup>-1</sup>). However, the same intermediates were detected in the two anode systems. Due to the strong oxidizing ability of BDD anodes, a large amo ...[more]

PMID: 31867150

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Project description:Fabrication of patterned boron-doped diamond (BDD) in an inexpensive and straightforward way is required for a variety of practical applications, including the development of BDD-based electrochemical sensors. This work describes a simplified and novel bottom-up fabrication approach for BDD-based three-electrode sensor chips utilizing direct inkjet printing of diamond nanoparticles on silicon-based substrates. The whole seeding process, accomplished by a commercial research inkjet printer with piezo-driven drop-on-demand printheads, was systematically examined. Optimized and continuous inkjet-printed features were obtained with glycerol-based diamond ink (0.4% vol/wt), silicon substrates pretreated by exposure to oxygen plasma and subsequently to air, and applying a dot density of 750 drops (volume 9 pL) per inch. Next, the dried micropatterned substrate was subjected to a chemical vapor deposition step to grow uniform thin-film BDD, which satisfied the function of both working and counter electrodes. Silver was inkjet-printed to complete the sensor chip with a reference electrode. Scanning electron micrographs showed a closed BDD layer with a typical polycrystalline structure and sharp and well-defined edges. Very good homogeneity in diamond layer composition and a high boron content (∼2 × 1021 atoms cm-3) was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Important electrochemical characteristics, including the width of the potential window (2.5 V) and double-layer capacitance (27 μF cm-2), were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Fast electron transfer kinetics was recognized for the [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ redox marker due to the high doping level, while somewhat hindered kinetics was observed for the surface-sensitive [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- probe. Furthermore, the ability to electrochemically detect organic compounds of different structural motifs, such as glucose, ascorbic acid, uric acid, tyrosine, and dopamine, was successfully verified and compared with commercially available screen-printed BDD electrodes. The newly developed chip-based manufacture method enables the rapid prototyping of different small-scale electrode designs and BDD microstructures, which can lead to enhanced sensor performance with capability of repeated use.

Dataset Information

Electrochemical Oxidation of Sulfonamides with Boron-Doped Diamond and Pt Anodes.

Publications

Electrochemical Oxidation of Sulfonamides with Boron-Doped Diamond and Pt Anodes.

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