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The microbiota regulates murine inflammatory responses to toxin-induced CNS demyelination but has minimal impact on remyelination.


ABSTRACT: The microbiota is now recognized as a key influence on the host immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, there has been some progress toward therapies that modulate the microbiota with the aim of limiting immune-mediated demyelination, as occurs in multiple sclerosis. However, remyelination-the regeneration of myelin sheaths-also depends upon an immune response, and the effects that such interventions might have on remyelination have not yet been explored. Here, we show that the inflammatory response during CNS remyelination in mice is modulated by antibiotic or probiotic treatment, as well as in germ-free mice. We also explore the effect of these changes on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation, which is inhibited by antibiotics but unaffected by our other interventions. These results reveal that high combined doses of oral antibiotics impair oligodendrocyte progenitor cell responses during remyelination and further our understanding of how mammalian regeneration relates to the microbiota.

SUBMITTER: McMurran CE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6911206 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The microbiota regulates murine inflammatory responses to toxin-induced CNS demyelination but has minimal impact on remyelination.

McMurran Christopher E CE   Guzman de la Fuente Alerie A   Penalva Rosana R   Ben Menachem-Zidon Ofra O   Dombrowski Yvonne Y   Falconer John J   Gonzalez Ginez A GA   Zhao Chao C   Krause Fynn N FN   Young Adam M H AMH   Griffin Julian L JL   Jones Clare A CA   Hollins Claire C   Heimesaat Markus M MM   Fitzgerald Denise C DC   Franklin Robin J M RJM  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20191118 50


The microbiota is now recognized as a key influence on the host immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, there has been some progress toward therapies that modulate the microbiota with the aim of limiting immune-mediated demyelination, as occurs in multiple sclerosis. However, remyelination-the regeneration of myelin sheaths-also depends upon an immune response, and the effects that such interventions might have on remyelination have not yet been explored. Here, we show that  ...[more]

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