Spatial Distribution of Intracranial Vessel Wall Enhancement in Hypertension and Primary Angiitis of the CNS.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Song JW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6917817 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Spatial Distribution of Intracranial Vessel Wall Enhancement in Hypertension and Primary Angiitis of the CNS.
Song Jae W JW Shou Haochang H Obusez Emmanuel C EC Raymond Scott B SB Rafla Samuel D SD Kharal G Abbas GA Schaefer Pamela W PW Romero Javier M JM
Scientific reports 20191217 1
We hypothesized a difference in the spatial distribution of intracranial vessel wall enhancement between CNS vasculitis and risk factors for intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Fifty-five vessel wall MR imaging (VWI) exams were included in this retrospective observational study. Intracranial arteries were evaluated for vessel wall enhancement by branching pattern (e.g., primary, secondary, and tertiary segments). Demographic and laboratory data as well as ICAD risk factors, including a ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundIntracranial aneurysms and intracranial atherosclerosis are prevalent cerebrovascular diseases, and individuals with atherosclerosis have a higher incidence of aneurysms than those without atherosclerosis. However, few studies have conducted combined analyses to investigate the potential association between intracranial aneurysms and intracranial atherosclerosis. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the characteristics of the aneurysm wall and intracranial large arterial plaque using high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI).MethodsHospitalized patients diagnosed with anterior circulation unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), who were diagnosed at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, between March 2016 to February 2018, were consecutively recruited for this study. The patients' pre-treatment HR-VWI images and 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) images were collected. The patients and UIAs were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of plaque in the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Clinical information and aneurysm characteristics were compared between the two groups. Aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) and M1 plaque were graded on scales of 0 to 2 on HR-VWI. Based on the gradings, the correlation between AWE and the M1 plaques was analyzed.ResultsA total of 109 patients with 128 saccular UIAs in the anterior circulation were enrolled in the study. Of the patients, there were 56 patients (with 65 UIAs) in the group with M1 plaque and 53 patients (with 63 UIAs) in the group without plaque. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of both their clinical information (age and hypertension) and aneurysm characteristics (AWE pattern and AWE degree). The grades of the AWE patterns and the AWE degrees of the UIAs were higher in the group with M1 plaque than in the group without plaque. In the M1 plaque group, the grade of M1 plaque was positively correlated with the grade of AWE pattern (correlation coefficient R=0.41, P=0.001) and the grade of AWE degree (correlation coefficient R=0.50, P<0.001).ConclusionsMCA atherosclerosis plaque was associated with the AWE of saccular aneurysms. When evaluating UIAs, attention should also be paid to the large arterial wall, which may assist in assessing the stability of the aneurysm and enable better decision making.
| S-EPMC10895131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeIntracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke (IS), and high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) can be used to assess the plaque characteristics of ICAS. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess plaque enhancement of ICAS and to investigate the relationship between plaque enhancement, plaque morphological features, and IS.MethodsData from adult patients with ICAS from April 2018 to July 2022 were retrospectively collected, and all patients underwent HR-VWI examination. Plaque enhancement was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and the plaque-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CR) indicated the degree of plaque enhancement. Plaque characteristics, such as plaque burden and area, were quantitatively measured using HR-VWI. Furthermore, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of CR to discriminate plaque enhancement. The patients were divided into a symptomatic ICAS group and an asymptomatic ICAS group according to the clinical and imaging characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate which factors were significantly associated with plaque enhancement and symptomatic ICAS. The plaque burden and CR were compared using linear regression.ResultsA total of 91 patients with ICAS were enrolled in this study. ICAS plaque burden was significantly associated with plaque enhancement (p = .037), and plaque burden was linearly positively correlated with CR (R = 0.357, p = .001). ROC analysis showed that the cutoff value of CR for plaque enhancement was 0.56 (specificity of 81.8%). Both plaque enhancement and plaque burden were significantly associated with symptomatic ICAS, and only plaque enhancement was an independent risk factor after multivariate analysis.ConclusionPlaque burden was an independent risk factor for plaque enhancement and showed a linear positive correlation with CR. The cutoff value of CR for plaque enhancement was 0.56, and CR ≥ 0.56 was significantly associated with symptomatic ICAS, which was independently associated with plaque enhancement.
| S-EPMC10275550 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: High resolution vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) has enabled to characterize intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS). We studied to identify the factors for enhancement of ICAS in VW-MRI in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA who underwent VW-MRI between January 2017 and December 2017 were included. Enhancement on VW-MRI was defined as an increase in intensity on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequence. We compared the clinical and the radiologic findings between patients with wall enhancement and those without wall enhancement. Results: Of the 48 patients with ICAS, 28 patients revealed enhancement on VW-MRI. Patients with enhancement were more likely to have severe stenotic lesions and higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density cholesterol, Apo (b), and Apo (b)/Apo (a) lipoprotein ratio (p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that total cholesterol (OR: 5.378, 95% CI, 1.779-16.263), triglycerides (OR: 3.362, 95% CI, 1.008-11.209), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 4.226, 95% CI, 1.264-14.126), Apo (b) lipoprotein (OR: 3639.641, 95% CI, 17.854-741954.943) levels, and Apo (b)/Apo (a) lipoprotein ratio (OR, 65.514; 95% CI, 1.131-3680.239) were independently associated with enhancement of ICAS. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Apo (a) lipoprotein levels were not significantly different between the patients with wall enhancement and those without wall enhancement. Conclusions: The presence and severity of enhancement of ICAS was significantly associated with dyslipidemic conditions. These results suggest that strict lipid modification should be achieved for the management of ICAS.
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Project description:OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical findings, response to therapy, and outcomes of patients with cerebral vascular amyloid-? (A?) deposition with and without inflammatory vascular infiltration. METHODS: We report 78 consecutive patients with cerebral vascular A? deposition examined at Mayo Clinic Rochester over 25 years (1987 through 2011). Specimens reviewed by a neuropathologist showed 40 with vascular A? peptide without inflammation (cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA]), 28 with granulomatous vasculitis (A?-related angiitis or ABRA), and 10 with perivascular CAA-related inflammation. We also matched findings in 118 consecutive patients with primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) without A? seen over 25 years (1983 through 2007). RESULTS: Compared to the 40 with CAA, the 28 with ABRA were younger at diagnosis (p = 0.05), had less altered cognition (p = 0.02), fewer neurologic deficits (p = 0.02), and fewer intracranial hemorrhages (<0.001), but increased gadolinium leptomeningeal enhancement (p = 0.01) at presentation, and less mortality and disability at last follow-up (p < 0.001). Compared with PCNSV, the 28 patients with ABRA were older at diagnosis (p < 0.001), had a higher frequency of altered cognition (p = 0.05), seizures/spells (p = 0.006), gadolinium leptomeningeal enhancement (p < 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.02), lower frequency of hemiparesis (p = 0.01), visual symptoms (p = 0.04), and MRI evidence of cerebral infarction (p = 0.003), but higher CSF protein levels (p = 0.03). Results of treatment and outcomes in ABRA and PCNSV were similar. CONCLUSIONS: ABRA appears to represent a distinct subset of PCNSV.
| S-EPMC3806912 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHigh-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) has emerged as a valuable tool in assessing unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). There is no standardized method to quantify contrast enhancement of the aneurysm wall. Contrast enhancement can be objectively measured as signal intensity (SI) or subjectively adjudicated. In this study, the authors compared the different methods to quantify wall enhancement of UIAs and determined the sensitivity and specificity of each method as a surrogate of aneurysm instability. They also compared SI quantification between scanners from different manufacturers.MethodsThe University of Iowa HR-VWI Project database was analyzed. This database compiles patients with UIAs who prospectively underwent HR-VWI using a 3T MRI scanner. The mean and maximal SI values of the aneurysm wall, pituitary stalk, and genu of the corpus callosum were used to compare 3 different measurement methods: 1) aneurysm enhancement ratio AER = (SIwall post - SIwall pre)/SIwall pre; 2) aneurysm-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio CRstalk = SIwall post/SIstalk post; and 3) aneurysm enhancement index AEI = ([SIwall post/SIbrain post] - [SIwall pre/SIbrain pre])/(SIwall pre/SIbrain pre) (where "pre" indicates precontrast images and "post" indicates postcontrast images). Size ≥ 7 mm was used as a surrogate of aneurysm instability for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. To determine if the objective quantification of SI varies among scanners from different manufacturers, 9 UIAs underwent the same HR-VWI protocol using a 3T General Electric (GE) scanner and a 3T Siemens scanner. Three UIAs also underwent a third scanning procedure on a unit with a different magnet strength (7T GE).ResultsEighty patients with 102 UIAs were included in the study. The mean age was 64.5 ± 12.2 years, and 64 (80%) patients were women. UIAs ≥ 7 mm had significantly higher SIs than smaller UIAs (< 7 mm): AER = 0.82 vs 0.49, p < 0.001; CRstalk = 0.84 vs 0.61, p < 0.001; and AEI = 0.81 vs 0.48, p < 0.001. ROC curves demonstrated optimal sensitivity of 81.5% for CRstalk ≥ 0.60, 75.9% for AEI ≥ 0.50, and 74.1% for AER ≥ 0.49. Intermanufacturer correlation between 3T GE and 3T Siemens MRI scanners for CRstalk using mean and maximal SI values was excellent (Pearson coefficients > 0.80, p < 0.001). A similar correlation was identified among the 3 UIAs that underwent 7T imaging.ConclusionsCRstalk using maximal SI values was the most reliable objective method to quantify enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI. The same ratios were obtained between different manufacturers and on scans obtained using magnets of different strengths.
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Project description:ObjectiveInflammation plays an integral role in the formation, growth, and progression to rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Animal and human studies have suggested that, due to its antiinflammatory effect, aspirin (ASA) may decrease the risks of growth and rupture of UIAs. High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) has emerged as a noninvasive method to assess vessel wall inflammation and UIA instability. To the authors' knowledge, to date no studies have found a significant correlation between patient use of ASA and contrast enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI.MethodsThe University of Iowa HR-VWI Project database was analyzed. This database is a compilation of data on patients with UIAs who prospectively underwent HR-VWI on a 3T Siemens MRI scanner. The presence of aneurysmal wall enhancement was objectively defined using the aneurysm-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CRstalk). This ratio was calculated by measuring the maximal signal intensity in the aneurysmal wall and the pituitary stalk on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Data on aneurysm size, morphology, and location and patient demographics and comorbidities were collected. Use of ASA was defined as daily intake of ≥ 81 mg during the previous 6 months or longer. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors independently associated with increased contrast enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI.ResultsIn total, 74 patients harboring 96 UIAs were included in the study. The mean patient age was 64.7 ± 12.4 years, and 60 patients (81%) were women. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19), aneurysm size ≥ 7 mm (OR 21.3, 95% CI 4.88-92.8), and location in the anterior communicating, posterior communicating, and basilar arteries (OR 10.7, 95% CI 2.45-46.5) were significantly associated with increased wall enhancement on HR-VWI. On the other hand, use of ASA was significantly associated with decreased aneurysmal wall enhancement on HR-VWI (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.83, p = 0.026).ConclusionsThe study results establish a correlation between use of ASA daily for ≥ 6 months and significant decreases in wall enhancement of UIAs on HR-VWI. The findings also demonstrate that detection of wall enhancement using HR-MRI may be a valuable noninvasive method for assessing aneurysmal wall inflammation and UIA instability.
| S-EPMC7483906 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Intracranial vessel wall MR imaging plays an increasing role in diagnosing intracranial vascular diseases. For a complete assessment, pre- and postcontrast sequences are required, and including other sequences, these result in a long scan duration. Ideally, the scan time of the vessel wall sequence should be reduced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different intracranial vessel wall sequence variants to reduce scan duration, provided an acceptable image quality can be maintained. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Starting from the vessel wall sequence that we use clinically (6:42 minutes), 6 scan variants were tested (scan duration ranging between 4:39 and 8:24 minutes), creating various trade-offs among spatial resolution, SNR, and contrast-to-noise ratio. In total, 15 subjects were scanned on a 3T MR imaging scanner: In 5 subjects, all 7 variants were performed precontrast-only, and in 10 other subjects, the fastest variant (4:39 minutes) and our clinically used variant (6:42 minutes) were performed pre- and postcontrast. RESULTS:The fastest variant (4:39 minutes) had higher or comparable SNRs/contrast-to-noise ratios of the intracranial vessel walls compared with the reference sequence (6:42 minutes). Qualitative assessment showed that the contrast-to-noise ratio was most suppressed in the fastest variant of 4:39 minutes and the variant of 6:42 minutes pre- and postcontrast. SNRs/contrast-to-noise ratios of the fastest variant were all, except one, higher compared with the variant of 6:42 minutes (P < .008). Furthermore, the fastest variant (4:39 minutes) detected all vessel wall lesions identified on the 6:42-minute variant. CONCLUSIONS:A 30% faster vessel wall sequence was developed with high SNRs/contrast-to-noise ratios that resulted in good visibility of the intracranial vessel wall.
| S-EPMC6004122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo develop an automated vessel wall segmentation method using convolutional neural networks to facilitate the quantification on magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall images of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD).MethodsVessel wall images of 56 subjects were acquired with our recently developed whole-brain three-dimensional (3-D) MR vessel wall imaging (VWI) technique. An intracranial vessel analysis (IVA) framework was presented to extract, straighten, and resample the interested vessel segment into 2-D slices. A U-net-like fully convolutional networks (FCN) method was proposed for automated vessel wall segmentation by hierarchical extraction of low- and high-order convolutional features.ResultsThe network was trained and validated on 1160 slices and tested on 545 slices. The proposed segmentation method demonstrated satisfactory agreement with manual segmentations with Dice coefficient of 0.89 for the lumen and 0.77 for the vessel wall. The method was further applied to a clinical study of additional 12 symptomatic and 12 asymptomatic patients with >50% ICAD stenosis at the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Normalized wall index at the focal MCA ICAD lesions was found significantly larger in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic patients.ConclusionWe have presented an automated vessel wall segmentation method based on FCN as well as the IVA framework for 3-D intracranial MR VWI.SignificanceThis approach would make large-scale quantitative plaque analysis more realistic and promote the adoption of MR VWI in ICAD management.
| S-EPMC6788976 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) could provide a way to identify high risk arteriovenous malformation (AVM) features. We present the first pilot study of clinically unruptured AVMs evaluated by high-resolution VW-MRI. Methods: A retrospective review of clinically unruptured AVMs with VW-MRI between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 was performed documenting the presence or absence of vessel wall "hyperintensity," or enhancement, within the nidus as well as perivascular enhancement and evidence of old hemorrhage (EOOH). The extent of nidal vessel wall "hyperintensity" was approximated into five groups: 0, 1-25, 26-50, 51-75, and 76-100%. Results: Of the nine cases, eight demonstrated at least some degree of vessel wall nidus "hyperintensity." Of those eight cases, four demonstrated greater than 50% of the nidus with hyperintensity at the vessel wall, and three cases had perivascular enhancement adjacent to nidal vessels. Although none of the subjects had prior clinical hemorrhage/AVM rupture, of the six patients with available susceptibility weighted imaging to assess for remote hemorrhage, only two had subtle siderosis to suggest prior sub-clinical bleeds. Conclusion: Vessel wall "enhancement" occurs in AVMs with no prior clinical rupture. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the implication of these findings.
| S-EPMC8334001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Central nervous system vasculitides are elusive diseases that are challenging to diagnose because brain biopsies have high false-negative rates. We sought to test the ability of contrast-enhanced, high-resolution 3D vessel wall MR imaging to identify vascular inflammation and direct open biopsies of intracranial target vessels and adjacent brain parenchyma. Eight of 9 specimens revealed vascular inflammation. We conclude that vessel wall MR imaging can identify inflamed intracranial vessels, enabling precise localization of biopsy targets.
| S-EPMC7655338 | biostudies-literature