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Blunted Reward Sensitivity and Trait Disinhibition Interact to Predict Substance Use Problems.

ABSTRACT: Reward deficit models of addiction posit weaknesses in reward sensitivity to be promotive of substance dependence, while the externalizing spectrum model views substance problems as arising in large part from a general disinhibitory liability. The current study sought to integrate these perspectives by testing for separate and interactive associations of disinhibition and reward dysfunction with interview-assessed substance use disorders (SUDs). Community and college adults (N = 199) completed a scale measure of trait disinhibition and performed a gambling-feedback task yielding a neural index of reward sensitivity, the 'Reward Positivity' (RewP). Disinhibition and blunted RewP independently predicted SUDs, and also operated synergistically, such that participants - in particular, men - with high levels of disinhibition together with blunted RewP exhibited especially severe substance problems. Though limited by its cross-sectional design, this work provides new information about the interplay of disinhibition, reward processing, and gender in SUDs and suggests important directions for future research.

SUBMITTER: Joyner KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6919657 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blunted Reward Sensitivity and Trait Disinhibition Interact to Predict Substance Use Problems.

Joyner Keanan J KJ Bowyer Colin B CB Yancey James R JR Venables Noah C NC Foell Jens J Worthy Darrell A DA Hajcak Greg G Bartholow Bruce D BD Patrick Christopher J CJ

Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 20190901 5

Reward deficit models of addiction posit weaknesses in reward sensitivity to be promotive of substance dependence, while the externalizing spectrum model views substance problems as arising in large part from a general disinhibitory liability. The current study sought to integrate these perspectives by testing for separate and interactive associations of disinhibition and reward dysfunction with interview-assessed substance use disorders (SUDs). Community and college adults (<i>N</i> = 199) comp ...[more]

PMID: 31853427

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Project description:ImportanceMarijuana use may alter ventral striatal response to reward, which might heighten susceptibility to substance use disorder. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the effects of marijuana use on neural function involved in reward response.ObjectiveTo determine whether marijuana use among young adults prospectively affects nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation during reward anticipation.Design, setting, and participantsOne hundred eight young adults were recruited from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, an ongoing study of youth at high risk for substance use disorder and a contrast sample of control families. Participants underwent 3 consecutive functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at approximate ages of 20 (time 1), 22 (time 2), and 24 (time 3) years. Self-report data on marijuana and other drug use occasions were collected annually since age 11 years.Main outcomes and measuresCross-lagged models were used to test the association of marijuana use with neural response in the NAcc to reward anticipation during a monetary incentive delay task controlling for sex, age, other substance use, and family history of substance use disorder.ResultsOf 108 participants, 39 (36.1%) were female and mean (SD) age at baseline was 20.1 (1.4) years. Greater marijuana use was associated with later blunted activation in the NAcc during reward anticipation (time 1 to time 2: β = -0.26, P = .04; time 2 to time 3: β = -0.25, P = .01). When the cross-lagged model was tested with the inclusion of previous and concurrent cigarette use, the effect of marijuana use from time 2 to time 3 remained significant (β = -0.29; P = .005) and the effect of cigarette use was nonsignificant.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this study indicate that marijuana use is associated with decreased neural response in the NAcc during the anticipation of nondrug rewards. Over time, marijuana use may alter anticipatory reward processing in the NAcc, which may increase the risk for continued drug use and later addiction.

Dataset Information

Blunted Reward Sensitivity and Trait Disinhibition Interact to Predict Substance Use Problems.

Publications

Blunted Reward Sensitivity and Trait Disinhibition Interact to Predict Substance Use Problems.

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