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Genetic correlations of psychiatric traits with body composition and glycemic traits are sex- and age-dependent.

ABSTRACT: Body composition is often altered in psychiatric disorders. Using genome-wide common genetic variation data, we calculate sex-specific genetic correlations amongst body fat %, fat mass, fat-free mass, physical activity, glycemic traits and 17 psychiatric traits (up to N?=?217,568). Two patterns emerge: (1) anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and education years are negatively genetically correlated with body fat % and fat-free mass, whereas (2) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alcohol dependence, insomnia, and heavy smoking are positively correlated. Anorexia nervosa shows a stronger genetic correlation with body fat % in females, whereas education years is more strongly correlated with fat mass in males. Education years and ADHD show genetic overlap with childhood obesity. Mendelian randomization identifies schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, and higher education as causal for decreased fat mass, with higher body fat % possibly being a causal risk factor for ADHD and heavy smoking. These results suggest new possibilities for targeted preventive strategies.

SUBMITTER: Hubel C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6920448 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic correlations of psychiatric traits with body composition and glycemic traits are sex- and age-dependent.

Hübel Christopher C Gaspar Héléna A HA Coleman Jonathan R I JRI Hanscombe Ken B KB Purves Kirstin K Prokopenko Inga I Graff Mariaelisa M Ngwa Julius S JS Workalemahu Tsegaselassie T O'Reilly Paul F PF Bulik Cynthia M CM Breen Gerome G

Nature communications 20191218 1

Body composition is often altered in psychiatric disorders. Using genome-wide common genetic variation data, we calculate sex-specific genetic correlations amongst body fat %, fat mass, fat-free mass, physical activity, glycemic traits and 17 psychiatric traits (up to N = 217,568). Two patterns emerge: (1) anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and education years are negatively genetically correlated with body fat % and fat-free mass, whereas (2) attention-deficit/hyper ...[more]

PMID: 31852892

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Project description:BACKGROUND:This study aimed at estimating genetic parameters of sex-influenced production traits, evaluating the impact of genotype-by-sex interaction, and identifying the selection criteria that could be included in multiple-trait genetic evaluation to increase the rate of genetic improvement in both sexes. To achieve this goal, we used 10 male and 10 female phenotypes, which were measured in a population of 2111 Australian Brahman cattle genotyped at high-density. RESULTS:Heritability estimates ranged from very low (0.03?±?0.03 for cows' days to calving at first calving opportunity, DC1), to moderate (0.33?±?0.08 for cows' adult body weight, AWTc), and to high (0.95?±?0.07 for cows' hip height, HHc). Genetic correlation (rg) estimates between male and female homologous traits were favorable and ranged from moderate to high values, which indicate that selection for any of the traits in one sex would lead to a correlated response with the equivalent phenotype in the other sex. However, the estimated direct response was greater than the indirect response. Moreover, Pearson correlations between estimated breeding values obtained from each sex separately and from female and male homologous traits combined into a single trait in univariate analysis ranged from 0.74 to 0.99, which indicate that small ranking variation might appear if male and female traits are included as single or separate phenotypes. Genetic correlations between male growth and female reproductive traits were not significant, ranging from -?0.07?±?0.13 to 0.45?±?0.65. However, selection to improve HHc and AWTc in cows may reduce the percentage of normal sperm at 24 months of age (PNS24), possibly due to correlated effects in the same traits in males, which are related to late maturing animals. CONCLUSIONS:Hip height in cows and PNS24, as well as blood insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentration in bulls at 6 months of age are efficient selection criteria to improve male growth and female reproductive traits, simultaneously. In the presence of genotype-by-sex interactions, selection for traits in each sex results in high rates of genetic improvement, however, for the identification of animals with the highest breeding value, data for males and females may be considered a single trait.

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Genetic correlations of psychiatric traits with body composition and glycemic traits are sex- and age-dependent.

Publications

Genetic correlations of psychiatric traits with body composition and glycemic traits are sex- and age-dependent.

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