Sprinting Toward the Optimal Blood Pressure Target for Hypertensive Patients.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Oparil S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6922026 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Sprinting Toward the Optimal Blood Pressure Target for Hypertensive Patients.
Oparil Suzanne S Cushman William C WC Johnson Karen C KC Kitzman Dalane W DW Whelton Paul K PK Wright Jackson T JT
Circulation research 20180801 5
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Project description:Hypertension is a global health burden. However, clinical reference for the adequate management of blood pressure (BP) to prevent renal injury has yet to be established. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether optimal control and maintenance of BP at < 140/90, < 130/80, or < 120/70 mmHg could prevent hypertensive nephropathy in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. A single-center observational study of 351 nondiabetic hypertensive patients was conducted in Taiwan. The average age of the participants was 64.0 years, and approximately 57.8% of the participants were men. Kidney function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The baseline eGFR was 83.8 ± 19.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 . All patients were followed up every 3 months and underwent office BP measurement and blood sampling. Renal events were defined as> 25% and> 50% decline in eGFR. During an average follow-up period of 4.2 ± 2.3 years, a> 25% and> 50% decline in eGFR was noted in 49 and 11 patients, respectively. The Cox regression analysis revealed that a baseline BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.965; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.099-3.514, P = 0.023) and ≥ 130/80 mmHg (HR: 2.799; 95% CI: 1.286-6.004, P = 0.009) increased the risk of> 25% decline in eGFR. Moreover, a baseline BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg (HR: 8.120; 95% CI: 1.650-39.956, P = 0.010) and follow-up BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg (HR: 6.402; 95% CI: 1.338-30.637, P = 0.020) increased the risk of> 50% decline in eGFR. In conclusion, a stringent baseline BP < 130/80 mmHg and a follow-up BP < 140/90 mmHg can be considered optimal cutoff values for clinical practice to prevent hypertensive nephropathy.
| S-EPMC8029863 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to evaluate the association of aortic and brachial short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) with the presence of target organ damage (TOD) in hypertensive patients. One-hundred seventy-eight patients, aged 57 ± 12 years, 33% women were studied. TOD was defined by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram, microalbuminuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate, or increased aortic pulse wave velocity. Aortic and brachial BPV was assessed by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (Mobil-O-Graph). TOD was present in 92 patients (51.7%). Compared to those without evidence of TOD, they had increased night-to-day ratios of systolic and diastolic BP (both aortic and brachial) and heart rate. They also had significant increased systolic BPV, as measured by both aortic and brachial daytime and 24-hours standard deviations and coefficients of variation, as well as for average real variability. Circadian patterns and short-term variability measures were very similar for aortic and brachial BP. We conclude that BPV is increased in hypertensive-related TOD. Aortic BPV does not add relevant information in comparison to brachial BPV.
| S-EPMC8030748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The study aims to assess the relationship between cumulative blood pressure load (cBPL) and the risk of renal function decline in hypertensive patients and determine the blood pressure (BP) threshold required to prevent hypertensive nephropathy. A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted on hypertensive patients. The cBPL was defined as the proportion of area beyond variable BP cutoffs under ambulatory BP monitoring. Renal events were defined as > 25% (minor) or > 50% (major) decline of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Cox regression analysis was conducted between cBPL, other ambulatory BP parameters, and renal events. The results revealed a total of 436 Han Chinese hypertensive patients were eligible for enrollment. During an average follow-up period of 5.1 ± 3.3 years, a decline of > 25% and > 50% in eGFR was observed in 77 and eight participants, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that cSBPL140 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.102; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.017-1.193; p = .017), cSBPL130 (HR, 1.076; 95% CI, 1.019-1.137; p = .008), and cSBPL120 (HR, 1.054; 95% CI, 1.010-1.099; p = .015) were independently associated with minor renal events. Similarly, cSBPL140 (HR, 1.228; 95% CI, 1.037-1.455; p = .017), cSBPL130 (HR, 1.189; 95% CI, 1.045-1.354; p = .009), and cSBPL120 (HR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.039-1.285; p = .008) were independently associated with major renal events. In conclusion, cBPL is associated with renal function decline in hypertensive patients. Minimizing cBPL120 may decrease the risk of hypertensive nephropathy.
| S-EPMC10857487 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Blood pressure (BP) is characterized by spontaneous oscillation over time, which is described as BP variability (BPV). The current study aimed to investigate whether short-term BPV was correlated with hypertensive nephropathy in Han Chinese individuals with hypertension. A single-center prospective cohort study of 300 Han Chinese participants with hypertension was conducted in Taiwan. Five different BPV parameters were derived from ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), including standard deviation (SD), weighted SD (wSD), coefficient of variation (CoV), successive variation (SV), and average real variability (ARV). Renal event was defined as > 50% reduction in baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The average age of the participants was 63.5 years. The baseline eGFR was 84.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 . The participants were divided into two groups according to the wSD of systolic BP (SBP). Survival was assessed via a Kaplan-Meier analysis. During the 4.2-year follow-up, the participants with the highest SBP wSD tertile had a greater number of renal events (6.0%) than their counterparts (0.5%) (log-rank test, p = .007). The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the independent effects of BPV, and results showed that 24-h SBP (HR = 1.105; 95% CI = 1.020-1.197, p = .015) and 24-h DBP (HR = 1.162; 95% CI = 1.004-1.344, p = .044) were independently associated with renal events. However, BPV parameters were only associated with renal events univariately, but not after adjusting for baseline characteristics, 24-h mean BP, and office BP. Therefore, the risk of hypertensive nephropathy was independently associated with 24-h mean BP, but not with ambulatory BPV, in Han Chinese participants with hypertension.
| S-EPMC8029827 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundArterial hypertension is facing some changes in the last years. Its prevalence is increasing in elderly subjects. This growing prevalence is due to longer survival of the population worldwide, among other factors. On the other hand, recent guidelines have insisted in the relevance of out of office blood pressure measurements, to improve diagnostic and management of hypertension. Therefore, elderly subjects with hypertension could benefit from out of office blood pressure measurements, like ambulatory blood pressure measurements; nevertheless, there are very few or no specific recommendations regarding this.AimIn this review, we will gather the most important information about this subject.ResultsAs hypertension in the elderly has some specific characteristics related to aging of the cardiovascular system, the most important aspect could be that these characteristics make ambulatory blood pressure measurement suitable for its use in elderly. Among those a higher prevalence of white coat hypertension, white coat phenomenon, and a higher nocturnal blood pressure and higher prevalence of nondipper and riser pattern, represent aspects that should be considered for better diagnostic and an improved management.ConclusionAs the prevalence of hypertension will grow in the next years, more studies specifically directed to this subject are needed.
| S-EPMC9248111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundControlling blood pressure (BP) leads to significant reduction in cardiovascular risks and associated deaths. In Ethiopia, data is scarce about the level and determinants of optimal BP control among hypertensive patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of optimal BP control among hypertensive patients attending at a district hospital.MethodsA hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 hypertensive patients who were on treatment and follow-up at a district hospital. A structured questionnaire adopted from WHO approach was prepared to collect the data. Medication adherence was measured by the four-item Morisky Green Levine Scale, with a score ≥3 defined as "good adherence". Blood pressure was measured, and optimal BP control was 0DEFined as systolic BP < 140 mmHg and diastolic BP<90 mmHg. Both binary and multivariable logistic regressions models were fitted to identify correlates of optimal BP control. All statistical tests were two-sided and a p values <0.05 was considered for statistical significance.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 58 years (SD±13 years). Over half (53.8%) were females. Three quarters (77.3%) of the participants were adherent to their medications. The overall proportion of participants with optimally controlled BP was 42.9%.Female sex (Adjusted Odd Ratio(AOR) = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.26), age older than 60 years (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.18, 7.40), consumption of vegetables on most days of the week (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.73), physical activity (AOR = 4.85, 95% CI: 2.39, 9.83), and taking less than three drugs per day (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.51, 6.14) were positively associated with optimally controlled BP. Poor adherence to medications (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.35), having asthma comorbidity (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI:0.12, 0.88) and use of top added salt on a plate (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI:0.11, 0.36) were negatively associated with optimal BP control.ConclusionA higher proportion of hypertensive patients remain with un-controlled BP. Modifiable risk factors including poor adherence to medications, lack of physical exercise, adding salt into meals, being on multiple medications and comorbidities were significantly and independently associated with poor BP control. Evidence-based, adherence-enhancing and healthy life style interventions should be implemented.
| S-EPMC5931630 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe rate of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients is poor and the reasons for poor control of blood pressure remain poorly understood globally.ObjectiveTo assess the rate of blood pressure control among adult hypertensive patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital.Materials and methodsWe conducted a hospital based cross sectional study among adult hypertensive patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital hypertension clinic from March 4, 2015 to April 3, 2015. Data on sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and adherence to antihypertensive medication(s) were collected from patients by face to face interview using a pretested structured questionnaire. Comorbidities, antihypertensive medication(s) and blood pressure measurements were collected retrospectively from medical records. Medication adherence was assessed using Morisky's Medication Adherence Scale-8 score. We did the statistical analysis using chi-square test and binary logistic regression with level of α set at 0.05. Statistical significance was considered for variables with p<0.05.ResultsOut of 311 participants, 286 patients were eligible and were studied. More than half, 154 (53.8%), of the participants were males. The mean age of the participants was 54.8± 12.6 years (range 26 to 94). The majority, 196 (68.53%), of the participants were taking more than one antihypertensive medication. More than one third (39.5%) of the participants were non adherent to their medication(s). The rate of blood pressure control was 50.3%. In a univariate logistic regression analyses, age ≥65 years old (P = 0.008), physical inactivity (p<0.001), chat chewing (P<0.001), adding salt to food (P<0.001), and coffee use (P<0.001) are significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure.ConclusionAlmost half of the hypertensive patients on follow up had uncontrolled blood pressure. We recommend better health education and care of patients to improve the rate of blood pressure control at the hospital.
| S-EPMC5120816 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Results from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) which compared usual (< 140 mm Hg) with intensive (< 120 mm Hg) SBP targets (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01206062) demonstrated that a lower SBP target may be safely recommended for many older patients. SPRINT included 2636 community living subjects aged 75 and older (28% of the entire study population) who were assessed for frailty status including usual gait speed, cognitive function, orthostatic hypotension, and adverse events including injurious falls. In the group of older subjects randomized to the intensive arm there was a 34% reduction in the primary composite CVD outcome and a 33% reduction in all-cause mortality at 3.14 years of follow-up when the trial ended early (numbers needed to treat 27 and 41 respectively). These results did not differ for the most frail subgroup nor for those with impaired gait speed. While some adverse events were higher in the intensive group, there was no difference observed in serious adverse events including injurious falls. This symposium will provide additional SPRINT results of relevance to older hypertensive patients including: 1) predictors of adherence and retention; 2) results for the impact of intensive versus standard treatment goals on incident heart failure with and without reduced ejection fraction, 3) arterial stiffness as a predictor of SPRINT outcomes, and 4) results for the impact of intensive versus standard treatment goals on transitions in frailty status.
| S-EPMC6243556 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionStudies on the blood pressure lowering effect of renal denervation (RDN) in resistant hypertensive patients have produced conflicting results. Change in medication usage during the studies may be responsible for this inconsistency. To eliminate the effect of medication usage on blood pressure we focused on unmedicated hypertensive patients who underwent RDN.Methods and resultsOur study reports on a cohort of patients, who were not on blood pressure lowering drugs at baseline and during follow-up, from eight tertiary centers. Data of patients were used when they were treated with RDN and had a baseline office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or 24-h ambulatory SBP ≥130 mmHg. Our primary outcome was defined as change in office and 24-h SBP at 12 months after RDN, compared to baseline. Fifty-three patients were included. There were three different reasons for not using blood pressure lowering drugs: (1) documented intolerance or allergic reaction (57 %); (2) temporary cessation of medication for study purposes (28 %); and (3) reluctance to take antihypertensive drugs (15 %). Mean change in 24-h SBP was -5.7 mmHg [95 % confidence interval (CI) -11.0 to -0.4; p = 0.04]. Mean change in office SBP was -13.1 mmHg (95 % CI -20.4 to -5.7; p = 0.001). No changes were observed in other variables, such as eGFR, body-mass-index and urinary sodium excretion.ConclusionThis explorative study in hypertensive patients, who are not on blood pressure lowering drugs, suggests that at least in some patients RDN lowers blood pressure.
| S-EPMC4989018 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hypertension is highly prevalent among patients who visit primary care clinics. Various factors and lifestyle behaviors are associated with effective blood pressure control. We aimed to identify factors and lifestyle modifications associated with blood pressure control among patients prescribed antihypertensive agents.This survey was conducted at 15 hospital-based family practices in Korea from July 2008 to June 2010. We prospectively recruited and retrospectively assessed 1,453 patients prescribed candesartan. An initial evaluation of patients' lifestyles was performed using individual questions. Follow-up questionnaires were administered at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. We defined successful blood pressure control as blood pressure <140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic.Of the 1,453 patients, 1,139 patients with available data for initial and final blood pressures were included. In the univariate analysis of the change in performance index, weight gain (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52 to 3.11; P<0.001), physical inactivity (OR, 1.195; 95% CI, 1.175 to 3.387; P=0.011), and increased salt intake (OR, 1.461; 95% CI, 1.029 to 2.075; P=0.034) were related to inadequate blood pressure control. Salt intake also showed a significant association. Multivariate ORs were calculated for age, sex, body mass index, education, income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, salt intake, comorbidity, and family history of hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, sex (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.02 to 6.26; P<0.001), salt intake (OR, 0.64; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97; P=0.034), and comorbidity (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.69; P=0.003) were associated with successful blood pressure control.Weight gain, physical inactivity, and high salt intake were associated with inadequate blood pressure control.
| S-EPMC5541164 | biostudies-other