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Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To undertake a comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adult population in Botswana. DESIGN:The study adopted a cross-sectional design by selecting adult respondents in 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas across Botswana using a multistage probability sampling technique. SETTING:The study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Botswana. PARTICIPANTS:The study sample consisted of 1178 adult males and females aged 15 years and above. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Objectively measured overweight/obesity. RESULTS:Prevalence of overweight/obesity in the study population was estimated at 41%. The adjusted OR (AOR) of overweight/obesity were highest among women (AOR=2.74, 95%?CI 1.92 to 3.90), in ages 55-64 years (AOR=5.53, 95%?CI 2.62 to 11.6), among individuals with secondary (AOR=1.70, 95%?CI 1.11 to 2.61) and tertiary education (AOR=1.99, 95%?CI 1.16 to 3.38), smokers (AOR=2.16, 95%?CI 1.22 to 3.83) and people with poor physically activity (AOR=1.46, 95%?CI 1.03 to 3.24). These were statistically significant at 5% level. CONCLUSION:Women, older adults, people with high education level, smokers and people who reported poor physical activity were found to have higher odds of being overweight/obesity. These findings suggest the need for broad based strategies encouraging physical activity among different socioeconomic groups.

SUBMITTER: Keetile M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6924755 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.

Keetile Mpho M Navaneetham Kannan K Letamo Gobopamang G Bainame Kenabetsho K Rakgoasi Serai Daniel SD Gabaitiri Lesego L Masupe Tiny T Molebatsi Robert R

BMJ open 20191208 12

<h4>Objective</h4>To undertake a comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adult population in Botswana.<h4>Design</h4>The study adopted a cross-sectional design by selecting adult respondents in 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas across Botswana using a multistage probability sampling technique.<h4>Setting</h4>The study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Botswana.<h4>Participants</h4>The study sample ...[more]

PMID: 31818834

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Project description:ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and trends in underweight, overweight/obesity and identify their sociodemographic correlates among adults in Botswana from 2007 to 2017.DesignThe study analysed cross-sectional and nationally representative data from 2007 to 2014 Botswana STEPS Surveys and the 2017 Botswana Demographic Survey.SettingBotswana.ParticipantsBotswana adults aged 25-64 years (n=4003 in 2007, n=2983 in 2014 and n=11 550 in 2017).Primary outcomeUnderweight and overweight/obesity.ResultsThe prevalence of underweight decreased from 18.1% (95% CI 12.0% to 26.3%) in 2007 to 11.6% (95% CI 9.5% to 13.9%) in 2014 and further dropped to 8.1% (95% CI 7.5% to 8.8%) in 2017. The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased slightly from 37.4% (95% CI 34.3% to 40.7%) in 2007 to 38.6% (95% CI 35.9% to 41.3%) in 2014 to 47.3% (95% CI 46.1% to 48.4%) in 2017. Underweight was more prevalent among males than females while overweight and obesity were more prevalent among females than males. The key risk factor for underweight was being male (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.21: 95% CI 1.80 to 2.72 in 2007, AOR 1.54: 95% CI 1.06 to 2.22 in 2014 and AOR 1.51: 95% CI 1.45 to 1.58 in 2017). For overweight/obesity, the main risk factors were being female (male AOR 0.23: 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35 in 2007, AOR 0.32: 95% CI 0.25 to 0.42 in 2014 and AOR 0.30: 95% CI 0.29 to 0.31 in 2017), being old (AOR 2.18: 95% CI 1.58 to 3.01 in 2007, AOR 2.37: 95% CI 1.71 to 3.29 in 2014) and AOR 2.10: 95% CI 1.94 to 2.27 in 2017 among those aged 55-64 years) and not working (AOR 1.70: 95% CI 1.20 to 2.42 in 2007, AOR 2.05: 95% CI 1.55 to 2.69 in 2014 and AOR 1.34: 95% CI 1.27 to 1.40 in 2017).ConclusionsThe findings presented in this study indicate coexistence of the double burden of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults aged 25-64 years in Botswana. Although underweight prevalence is on the decline, overweight/obesity is increasing over time. The problem of underweight and overweight/obesity needs immediate and effective interventions.

Project description:ObjectivesWe aimed to examine trends in prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults in India by socioeconomic position (SEP) between 1998 and 2016.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from India collected in 1998/1999, 2005/2006 and 2015/2016. Multilevel regressions were used to assess trends in prevalence of overweight/obesity by SEP.Setting26, 29 and 36 Indian states or union territories, in 1998/99, 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, respectively.Participants628 795 ever-married women aged 15-49 years and 93 618 men aged 15-54 years.Primary outcome measureOverweight/obesity defined by body mass index >24.99 kg/m2.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2016, overweight/obesity prevalence increased among men and women in both urban and rural areas. In all periods, overweight/obesity prevalence was consistently highest among higher SEP individuals. In urban areas, overweight/obesity prevalence increased considerably over the study period among lower SEP adults. For instance, between 1998 and 2016, overweight/obesity prevalence increased from approximately 15%-32% among urban women with no education. Whereas the prevalence among urban men with higher education increased from 26% to 34% between 2005 and 2016, we did not observe any notable changes among high SEP urban women between 1998 and 2016. In rural areas, more similar increases in overweight/obesity prevalence were found among all individuals across the study period, irrespective of SEP. Among rural women with higher education, overweight/obesity increased from 16% to 25% between 1998 and 2016, while the prevalence among rural women with no education increased from 4% to 14%.ConclusionsWe identified some convergence of overweight/obesity prevalence across SEP in urban areas among both men and women, with fewer signs of convergence across SEP groups in rural areas. Efforts are therefore needed to slow the increasing trend of overweight/obesity among all Indians, as we found evidence suggesting it may no longer be considered a 'diseases of affluence'.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Botswana is currently undergoing rapid epidemiological transition indicated by a decline in infectious diseases and an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors. The main aim of this study was to assess prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among the adult population in Botswana. METHODS:A cross-sectional study called Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Study (NCDs study) was conducted in March, 2016. Using multistage cross sectional sampling design, 1178 male and female respondents aged 15 years and above were interviewed across 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural villages. Participants were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess covariates of multimorbidity. The statistical significant level was fixed at p <0 .05. RESULTS:Prevalence of multimorbidity in the sampled population was estimated at 5.4%. Multivariate results indicate that the odds of multimobridty were significantly high among women (AOR = 3.34, 95% C.I. = 1.22-21.3) than men. On the other hand, the odds of multimorbidity were significantly low among young people aged below 24 years (AOR = 0.01, 95% C.I. = 0.00-0.07), currently married people (AOR = 0.24, 95% C.I. = 0.07-0.80) and individuals in the 2nd wealth quintile (AOR = 0.20, 95% C.I. = 0.05-0.75) compared to their counterparts. For behavioural risk factors, alcohol consumption (AOR = 4.80, 95% C.I. = 1.16-19.8) and overweight/obesity (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.12-2.61) were significantly associated with high multimorbidity prevalence. CONCLUSION:Multimorbidity was found to be more prevalent among women, alcohol consumers and overweight/obese people. There is need to strengthen interventions encouraging healthy lifestyles such as non-consumption of alcohol, physical activity and healthy diets. Moreover, there is need for a holistic approach of health care services to meet the needs of those suffering from multimorbidity.

Dataset Information

Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.

Publications

Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.

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