Dataset Information

Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women Exposed to Fine Air Pollutants and Acidic Gases: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Air pollutants cause endocrine disorders and hormone disruption. The relationship between air pollutants and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) must be carefully investigated using a nationwide cohort. METHODS:Data were extracted from two nationwide databases, namely Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database, and analyzed. The study considered a range of data that began on 1 January 2000 and ended on 31 December 2013. Women diagnosed with PCOS were excluded. From the residential data, the study assessed the daily concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and PM2.5 the women were exposed to. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to assess PCOS risk. RESULTS:In total, 91,803 women were enrolled in this study; of those women, 2072 developed PCOS after 12 years of follow-up. The mean daily concentrations of SO2, NOx, NO, NO2, and PM2.5 women were exposed to were 4.25 (±1.44) ppb, 20.41 (±6.65) ppb, 9.25 (±4.36) ppb, 20.99 (±3.33) ppb, and 30.85 (±6.16) ?g/m3, respectively. Compared with the first-quartile levels of exposure, the fourth-quartile levels of exposure to SO2, NOx, NO, NO2, and PM2.5 increased PCOS risk by 10.31 times (95% CI = 8.35-12.7), 3.37 times (95% CI = 2.86-3.96), 4.18 times (95% CI = 3.57-4.89), 7.46 times (95% CI = 6.38-8.71), and 3.56 times (95% CI = 3.05-4.15), respectively. CONCLUSION:Women exposed to a high concentrations of air pollutants, namely SO2, NO, NO2, NOx, and PM2.5, had a high PCOS risk.

SUBMITTER: Lin SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6926786 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women Exposed to Fine Air Pollutants and Acidic Gases: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis.

Lin Shih-Yi SY Yang Yu-Cih YC Chang Cherry Yin-Yi CY Lin Cheng-Chieh CC Hsu Wu-Huei WH Ju Shu-Woei SW Hsu Chung-Y CY Kao Chia-Hung CH

International journal of environmental research and public health 20191130 23

<h4>Background</h4>Air pollutants cause endocrine disorders and hormone disruption. The relationship between air pollutants and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) must be carefully investigated using a nationwide cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>Data were extracted from two nationwide databases, namely Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database, and analyzed. The study considered a range of data that began on 1 January 2000 and ended on 31 December 2013. Women diagnose ...[more]

PMID: 31801197

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Project description:BackgroundRecently, the relationship between air pollution and reproductive outcomes has become a research focus. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between air pollution and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study included a total of 1,652 women with PCOS and 12,543 women without PCOS conducted from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. The average daily concentration data of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO) during different exposure windows were obtained. Generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate the association of air pollution with pregnancy outcomes.ResultsAir pollutants were not found to have a significant association with pregnancy rates among patients with PCOS. However, each IQR increase in PM10 exposure during period 3 (embryo transfer to serum HCG test) was associated with the reduced clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99) for patients without PCOS. Patients without PCOS showed lower clinical pregnancy rates with increased exposure to NO2 during periods 2 (oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer) and 5 (start of gonadotropin medication to embryo transfer), with aORs and 95% CIs of 0.94 (0.88, 0.99) and 0.94 (0.88, 0.98), respectively. Each IQR increase in SO2 among patients without PCOS during periods 1 (start of gonadotropin medication to oocyte retrieval), 2, 5, and 6 (start of gonadotropin medication to serum HCG test) was related to a decrease in clinical pregnancy rate. For the live birth rate, no significant relationship was found between air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3, and the live birth rate for women with PCOS. However, women without PCOS presented a lower probability of live birth with exposure to SO2 during periods 1, 2, 5, and 6.ConclusionThis retrospective study of reproductive-aged women observed no significant relationships between ambient pollutants and pregnancy outcomes among women with PCOS but found negative associations among women without PCOS.

Project description:BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis with multiple risk factors implicated including female sex and obesity. Metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity leading to metabolic syndrome is a proposed component of that association. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly affects women of reproductive age and these women are at higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome and thus likely to represent a high-risk group for early OA development. There are no published studies exploring the epidemiology of knee, hip and hand OA in women diagnosed with PCOS.Study aimTo assess the prevalence and incidence of knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis (OA) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) when compared with age-matched controls.MethodsProspective Danish national registry-based cohort study. The prevalence of OA in 2015 and incidence rates of OA over 11.1 years were calculated and compared in more than 75,000 Danish women with either a documented diagnosis of PCOS ± hirsutism (during the period of 1995 to 2012) or age-matched females without those diagnoses randomly drawn from the same population register.ResultsIn 2015, the prevalence of hospital treated knee, hip and hand OA was 5.2% in women with PCOS diagnosis. It was 73% higher than that seen in age-matched controls. Significantly higher incidence rates were observed in the PCOS cohort compared with the age-matched controls during the follow-up period (up to 20 years), with the following hazard ratios (HR): 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1) for knee, 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.4) for hand and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) for hip OA. After excluding women with obesity, similar associations were observed for knee and hand OA. However, risk of developing hip OA was no longer significant.ConclusionsIn this large prospective study, women with PCOS diagnosis had higher prevalence and accelerated onset of OA of both weight and non-weight bearing joints, when compared with age-matched controls. Further studies are needed to understand the relative effect of metabolic and hormonal changes linked with PCOS and their role in promoting development of OA.

Project description:Objective: A number of publications have assessed the prevalence of hypertension in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with inconclusive results. Since in general populations the occurrence of hypertension is related to age and comorbidities, we investigated the incidence rate and hazard ratios (HRs) of hypertension between healthy subjects and young women with PCOS as well as comorbidities. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study by using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The cohort included women with the diagnosis of PCOS between 2000 and 2012. Those without PCOS were selected as the control group at a ratio of 4:1 by an age-matched systematic random-sampling method. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the effects of PCOS on the risks of developing hypertension. Stratification analysis was performed to elucidate the interaction among PCOS and the comorbidities, which affect the incidence of hypertension. Results: The PCOS cohort consisted of 20,652 patients with PCOS and the comparison cohort consisted of 82,608 matched patients without PCOS. There was no difference in the distribution of age between the PCOS cohort and the comparison cohort (29.1 ± 6.8 vs. 29.0 ± 6.5, p = 0.32). The incidence rates of hypertension were 7.85 and 4.23 per 1,000 person-years in the PCOS and comparison groups, respectively. A statistically significant higher risk of hypertension was found in the PCOS cohort (adjusted HR = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.48-1.76) than in the comparison cohort. After a joint analysis of comorbidities, the adjusted HR of hypertension was 9.44 (95% confidence interval = 7.27-12.24) for PCOS patients with comorbidities of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperlipidemia compared with women with neither PCOS nor DM and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The risk of developing hypertension in young women with PCOS was higher than in controls in this cohort study. The comorbidities of DM and hyperlipidemia could interact with PCOS patients and further increase the risk of hypertension. An earlier screening for hypertension and comorbidities in patients with PCOS may be warranted, even in young women.

Project description:BackgroundAir pollution in China has raised great concerns due to its adverse effects on air quality, human health, and climate. Emissions of air pollutants (APs) are inherently linked with CO2 emissions through fossil-energy consumption. Knowledge of the characteristics of APs and CO2 emissions and their relationships is fundamentally important in the pursuit of co-benefits in addressing air quality and climate issues in China. However, the linkages and interactions between APs and CO2 in China are not well understood.ResultsHere, we conducted an ensemble study of six bottom-up inventories to identify the underlying drivers of APs and CO2 emissions growth and to explore their linkages in China. The results showed that, during 1980-2015, the power and industry sectors contributed 61-79% to China's overall emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2. In addition, the residential and industrial sectors were large emitters (77-85%) of PM10, PM2.5, CO, BC, and OC. The emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3 were dominated by the agriculture sector (46-82%) during 1980-2015, while the share of CH4 emissions in the energy sector increased since 2010. During 1980-2015, APs and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from residential sources generally decreased over time, while the transportation sector increased its impact on recent emissions, particularly for NOx and NMVOC. Since implementation of stringent pollution control measures and accompanying technological improvements in 2013, China has effectively limited pollution emissions (e.g., growth rates of -10% per year for PM and -20% for SO2) and slowed down the increasing trend of carbon emissions from the power and industrial sectors. We also found that areas with high emissions of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and SO2 also emitted large amounts of CO2, which demonstrates the possible common sources of APs and GHGs. Moreover, we found significant correlations between CO2 and APs (e.g., NOx, CO, SO2, and PM) emissions in the top 5% high-emitting grid cells, with more than 60% common grid cells during 2010-2015.ConclusionsWe found significant correlation in spatial and temporal aspects for CO2, and NOx, CO, SO2, and PM emissions in China. We targeted sectorial and spatial APs and GHGs emission hot-spots, which help for management and policy-making of collaborative reductions of them. This comprehensive analysis over 6 datasets improves our understanding of APs and GHGs emissions in China during the period of rapid industrialization from 1980 to 2015. This study helps elucidate the linkages between APs and CO2 from an integrated perspective, and provides insights for future synergistic emissions reduction.

Project description:To investigate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and risk of cardiocerebrovascular disease in Korean women. This longitudinal cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included the women aged 15-44 years diagnosed with PCOS between 2002 and 2019, and the controls were matched 1:3 by age group, income, and region of residence. The endpoint outcomes of this study were the occurrence of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and combined cardiocerebrovascular diseases in the PCOS and control groups. A stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for matched data was performed to evaluate the relative hazard of events in the PCOS group compared to that in the control group. Among a total of 549,400 participants in the cohort, 137,416 women had a diagnosis of PCOS and 412,118 women did not have it. During a median follow-up of 54 months (interquartile range, 30-78 months), the incidence rates of all cardiovascular, ischemic heart, and cerebrovascular diseases were 6.6, 4.0, and 2.9, respectively, per 1000 person-years for women with PCOS, and 4.8, 2.8, and 2.3, respectively, per 1000 person-years for healthy control women. Women with PCOS had a higher hazard ratio of 1.224 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.27) of the composite cardiocerebrovascular diseases than those in the controls after propensity score matching for confounding variables, including body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical exercise level, alcohol consumption, current smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Hazard ratio for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in women with PCOS than in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.254; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.31 and hazard ratio, 1.201; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.27, respectively). PCOS is associated with an increased risk of cardiocerebrovascular diseases in Korean women irrespective of their obesity. Counselling on the management of long-term risk of cardiovascular diseases should be offered to women with PCOS in East Asian countries where PCOS is characterized by a relatively low BMI.

Project description:Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the most common outdoor air pollutants, and secondhand smoking (SHS) is an important source of inhalable indoor air pollution. Previous studies were controversial and inconsistent about PM2.5 and SHS air pollutants on neonatal birth weight outcomes, and no studies assessed the potential interactive effects between PM2.5 and SHS on birth weight outcomes. Purpose: To investigate the interaction between gestational PM2.5 and SHS air pollution exposure on the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women and examine the modifying effect of SHS exposure on the association of PM2.5 air pollution and birth weight outcomes during pregnancy. Methods: Research data were derived from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP), which lasted 3 years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012. At least 240,000 Chinese women from 220 counties were enrolled in this project. PM2.5 exposure concentration was obtained using a hindcast model specific for historical PM2.5 estimation from satellite-retrieved aerosol optic depth. Different interaction models about air pollution exposure on birth weight outcomes were established, according to the adjustment of different confounding factors and different pregnancy stages. The establishment of interaction models was based on multivariable logistic regression, and the main confounding factors were maternal age at delivery and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of participants. SHS subgroups analysis was conducted to further confirm the results of interaction models. Results: In total, 197,877 participants were included in our study. In the full-adjusted interaction model, maternal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in whole, the first-, second-, and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.001). The interactive effect was statistically significant between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and SHS on the risk of macrosomia in the whole (interaction p < 0.050) and the first-trimester pregnancy (interaction p < 0.050), not in the second (interaction p > 0.050) or third trimester (interaction p > 0.050) of pregnancy. The higher frequency of SHS exposure prompted the stronger interaction between the two air pollutants in the whole pregnancy and the first-trimester pregnancy. Conclusions: In the whole and first-trimester pregnancy, maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy enhanced the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women exposed to PM2.5 air pollutants, and the interaction became stronger with the higher frequency of SHS exposure.

Dataset Information

Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women Exposed to Fine Air Pollutants and Acidic Gases: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis.

Publications

Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women Exposed to Fine Air Pollutants and Acidic Gases: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis.

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