Dataset Information

Engineering the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for production of ?-farnesene.

ABSTRACT: Background:Yarrowia lipolytica, a non-traditional oil yeast, has been widely used as a platform for lipid production. However, the production of other chemicals such as terpenoids in engineered Y. lipolytica is still low. ?-Farnesene, a sesquiterpene, can be used in medicine, bioenergy and other fields, and has very high economic value. Here, we used ?-farnesene as an example to explore the potential of Y. lipolytica for terpenoid production. Results:We constructed libraries of strains overexpressing mevalonate pathway and ?-farnesene synthase genes by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) mediated integration into the Y. lipolytica chromosome. First, a mevalonate overproduction strain was selected by overexpressing relevant genes and changing the cofactor specificity. Based on this strain, the downstream ?-farnesene synthesis pathway was overexpressed by iterative integration. Culture conditions were also optimized. A strain that produced 25.55 g/L ?-farnesene was obtained. This is the highest terpenoid titer reported in Y. lipolytica. Conclusions:Yarrowia lipolytica is a potentially valuable species for terpenoid production, and NHEJ-mediated modular integration is effective for expression library construction and screening of high-producer strains.

SUBMITTER: Liu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6927232 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Engineering the oleaginous yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> for production of α-farnesene.

Liu Yinghang Y Jiang Xin X Cui Zhiyong Z Wang Zhaoxuan Z Qi Qingsheng Q Hou Jin J

Biotechnology for biofuels 20191223

<h4>Background</h4><i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>, a non-traditional oil yeast, has been widely used as a platform for lipid production. However, the production of other chemicals such as terpenoids in engineered <i>Y. lipolytica</i> is still low. α-Farnesene, a sesquiterpene, can be used in medicine, bioenergy and other fields, and has very high economic value. Here, we used α-farnesene as an example to explore the potential of <i>Y. lipolytica</i> for terpenoid production.<h4>Results</h4>We constr ...[more]

PMID: 31890024

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Project description:BackgroundSugar alcohols are widely used as low-calorie sweeteners in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They can also be transformed into platform chemicals. Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, is a promising host for producing many sugar alcohols. In this work, we tested whether heterologous expression of a recently identified sugar alcohol phosphatase (PYP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae would increase sugar alcohol production in Y. lipolytica.ResultsY. lipolytica was found natively to produce erythritol, mannitol, and arabitol during growth on glucose, fructose, mannose, and glycerol. Osmotic stress is known to increase sugar alcohol production, and was found to significantly increase erythritol production during growth on glycerol. To better understand erythritol production from glycerol, since it was the most promising sugar alcohol, we measured the expression of key genes and intracellular metabolites. Osmotic stress increased the expression of several key genes in the glycerol catabolic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed that amino acids, sugar alcohols, and polyamines are produced at higher levels in response to osmotic stress. Heterologous overexpression of the sugar alcohol phosphatase increased erythritol production and glycerol utilization in Y. lipolytica. We further increased erythritol production by increasing the expression of native glycerol kinase (GK), and transketolase (TKL). This strain was able to produce 27.5 ± 0.7 g/L erythritol from glycerol during batch growth and 58.8 ± 1.68 g/L erythritol during fed-batch growth in shake-flasks experiments. In addition, the glycerol utilization was increased by 2.5-fold. We were also able to demonstrate that this strain efficiently produces erythritol from crude glycerol, a major byproduct of the biodiesel production.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the application of a promising enzyme for increasing erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. We were further able to boost production by combining the expression of this enzyme with other approaches known to increase erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. This suggest that this new enzyme provides an orthogonal route for boosting production and can be stacked with existing designs known to increase sugar alcohol production in yeast such as Y. lipolytica. Collectively, this work establishes a new route for increasing sugar alcohol production and further develops Y. lipolytica as a promising host for erythritol production from cheap substrates such as glycerol.

Project description:The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has attracted much attention due to its ability to utilize a wide range of substrates to accumulate high lipid content and its flexibility for genetic manipulation. In this study, intracellular lipid metabolism in Y. lipolytica was tailored to produce fatty acid, a renewable oleochemical and precursor for production of advanced biofuels. Two main strategies, including blocking activation and peroxisomal uptake of fatty acids and elimination of biosynthesis of lipids, were employed to reduce fatty acid consumption by the native pathways in Y. lipolytica. Both genetic modifications improved fatty acid production. However, disruption of the genes responsible for assembly of nonpolar lipid molecules including triacylglycerols (TAGs) and steryl esters resulted in the deleterious effects on the cell growth. The gene tesA encoding thioesterase from Escherichia coli was expressed in the strain with disrupted faa genes encoding fatty acyl-CoA synthetases and pxa1 encoding peroxisomal acyl-CoA transporter, and the titer of fatty acids resulted in 2.3 g/L in shake flask culture, representing 11-fold improvement compared with the parent strain. Expressing the native genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and hexokinase also increased fatty acid production, although the improvement was not as significant as that with tesA expression. Saturated fatty acids including palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) increased remarkably in the fatty acid composition of the recombinant bearing tesA compared with the parent strain. The recombinant expressing tesA gene resulted in high lipid content, indicating the great fatty acid producing potential of Y. lipolytica. The results highlight the achievement of fatty acid overproduction without adverse effect on growth of the strain. Results of this study provided insight into the relationship between fatty acid and lipid metabolism in Y. lipolytica, confirming the avenue to reprogram lipid metabolism of this host for overproduction of renewable fatty acids.

Project description:Background:Limonene is an important biologically active natural product widely used in the food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the low abundance of limonene in plants renders their isolation from plant sources non-economically viable. Therefore, engineering microbes into microbial factories for producing limonene is fast becoming an attractive alternative approach that can overcome the aforementioned bottleneck to meet the needs of industries and make limonene production more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Results:In this proof-of-principle study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce both d-limonene and l-limonene by introducing the heterologous d-limonene synthase from Citrus limon and l-limonene synthase from Mentha spicata, respectively. However, only 0.124 mg/L d-limonene and 0.126 mg/L l-limonene were produced. To improve the limonene production by the engineered yeast Y. lipolytica strain, ten genes involved in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid pathway were overexpressed individually to investigate their effects on limonene titer. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) was found to be the key rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the improving limonene synthesis in Y. lipolytica. Through the overexpression of HMGR gene, the titers of d-limonene and l-limonene were increased to 0.256 mg/L and 0.316 mg/L, respectively. Subsequently, the fermentation conditions were optimized to maximize limonene production by the engineered Y. lipolytica strains from glucose, and the final titers of d-limonene and l-limonene were improved to 2.369 mg/L and 2.471 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, fed-batch fermentation of the engineered strains Po1g KdHR and Po1g KlHR was used to enhance limonene production in shake flasks and the titers achieved for d-limonene and l-limonene were 11.705 mg/L (0.443 mg/g) and 11.088 mg/L (0.385 mg/g), respectively. Finally, the potential of using waste cooking oil as a carbon source for limonene biosynthesis from the engineered Y. lipolytica strains was investigated. We showed that d-limonene and l-limonene were successfully produced at the respective titers of 2.514 mg/L and 2.723 mg/L under the optimal cultivation condition, where 70% of waste cooking oil was added as the carbon source, representing a 20-fold increase in limonene titer compared to that before strain and fermentation optimization. Conclusions:This study represents the first report on the development of a new and efficient process to convert waste cooking oil into d-limonene and l-limonene by exploiting metabolically engineered Y. lipolytica strains for fermentation. The results obtained in this study lay the foundation for more future applications of Y. lipolytica in converting waste cooking oil into various industrially valuable products.

Project description:Backgroundβ-Ionone is a fragrant terpenoid that generates a pleasant floral scent and is used in diverse applications as a cosmetic and flavoring ingredient. A growing consumer desire for natural products has increased the market demand for natural β-ionone. To date, chemical extraction from plants remains the main approach for commercial natural β-ionone production. Unfortunately, changing climate and geopolitical issues can cause instability in the β-ionone supply chain. Microbial fermentation using generally recognized as safe (GRAS) yeast offers an alternative method for producing natural β-ionone. Yarrowia lipolytica is an attractive host due to its oleaginous nature, established genetic tools, and large intercellular pool size of acetyl-CoA (the terpenoid backbone precursor).ResultsA push-pull strategy via genome engineering was applied to a Y. lipolytica PO1f derived strain. Heterologous and native genes in the mevalonate pathway were overexpressed to push production to the terpenoid backbone geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, while the carB and biofunction carRP genes from Mucor circinelloides were introduced to pull flux towards β-carotene (i.e., ionone precursor). Medium tests combined with machine learning based data analysis and 13C metabolite labeling investigated influential nutrients for the β-carotene strain that achieved > 2.5 g/L β-carotene in a rich medium. Further introduction of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1) from Osmanthus fragrans resulted in the β-ionone production. Utilization of in situ dodecane trapping avoided ionone loss from vaporization (with recovery efficiencies of ~ 76%) during fermentation operations, which resulted in titers of 68 mg/L β-ionone in shaking flasks and 380 mg/L in a 2 L fermenter. Both β-carotene medium tests and β-ionone fermentation outcomes indicated the last enzymatic step CCD1 (rather than acetyl-CoA supply) as the key bottleneck.ConclusionsWe engineered a GRAS Y. lipolytica platform for sustainable and economical production of the natural aroma β-ionone. Although β-carotene could be produced at high titers by Y. lipolytica, the synthesis of β-ionone was relatively poor, possibly due to low CCD1 activity and non-specific CCD1 cleavage of β-carotene. In addition, both β-carotene and β-ionone strains showed decreased performances after successive sub-cultures. For industrial application, β-ionone fermentation efforts should focus on both CCD enzyme engineering and strain stability improvement.

Dataset Information

Engineering the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for production of ?-farnesene.

Publications

Engineering the oleaginous yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> for production of α-farnesene.

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