Dataset Information

Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England.

ABSTRACT:

Background

N-nitroso compounds are hypothesized human bladder carcinogens. We investigated ingestion of N-nitroso compound precursors nitrate and nitrite from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.

Methods

Using historical nitrate measurements for public water supplies and measured and modeled values for private wells, as well as self-reported water intake, we estimated average nitrate concentrations (mg/L NO3-N) and average daily nitrate intake (mg/d) from 1970 to diagnosis/reference date (987 cases and 1,180 controls). We estimated overall and source-specific dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes using a food frequency questionnaire (1,037 cases and 1,225 controls). We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We evaluated interactions with factors that may affect N-nitroso compound formation (i.e., red meat, vitamin C, smoking), and with water intake.

Results

Average drinking water nitrate concentration above the 95th percentile (>2.07?mg/L) compared with the lowest quartile (?0.21?mg/L) was associated with bladder cancer (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.97, 2.3; P trend = 0.01); the association was similar for average daily drinking water nitrate intake. We observed positive associations for dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes from processed meat (highest versus lowest quintile OR for nitrate = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.0; P trend = 0.04; OR for nitrite = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1; P trend = 0.04, respectively), but not other dietary sources. We observed positive interactions between drinking water nitrate and red meat (P-interaction 0.05) and processed red meat (0.07).

Conclusions

Our results suggest the importance of both drinking water and dietary nitrate sources as risk factors for bladder cancer.

SUBMITTER: Barry KH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6927574 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England.

Barry Kathryn Hughes KH Jones Rena R RR Cantor Kenneth P KP Beane Freeman Laura E LE Wheeler David C DC Baris Dalsu D Johnson Alison T AT Hosain G Monawar GM Schwenn Molly M Zhang Han H Sinha Rashmi R Koutros Stella S Karagas Margaret R MR Silverman Debra T DT Ward Mary H MH

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 20200101 1

<h4>Background</h4>N-nitroso compounds are hypothesized human bladder carcinogens. We investigated ingestion of N-nitroso compound precursors nitrate and nitrite from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.<h4>Methods</h4>Using historical nitrate measurements for public water supplies and measured and modeled values for private wells, as well as self-reported water intake, we estimated average nitrate concentrations (mg/L NO3-N) and average daily nitra ...[more]

PMID: 31577632

Similar Datasets

Project description:Bladder cancer mortality rates have been elevated in northern New England for at least five decades. Incidence rates in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont are about 20% higher than the United States overall. We explored reasons for this excess, focusing on arsenic in drinking water from private wells, which are particularly prevalent in the region.In a population-based case-control study in these three states, 1213 bladder cancer case patients and 1418 control subjects provided information on suspected risk factors. Log transformed arsenic concentrations were estimated by linear regression based on measurements in water samples from current and past homes. All statistical tests were two-sided.Bladder cancer risk increased with increasing water intake (Ptrend = .003). This trend was statistically significant among participants with a history of private well use (Ptrend = .01). Among private well users, this trend was apparent if well water was derived exclusively from shallow dug wells (which are vulnerable to contamination from manmade sources, Ptrend = .002) but not if well water was supplied only by deeper drilled wells (Ptrend = .48). If dug wells were used pre-1960, when arsenical pesticides were widely used in the region, heavier water consumers (>2.2?L/day) had double the risk of light users (<1.1?L/day, Ptrend = .01). Among all participants, cumulative arsenic exposure from all water sources, lagged 40 years, yielded a positive risk gradient (Ptrend = .004); among the highest-exposed participants (97.5th percentile), risk was twice that of the lowest-exposure quartile (odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 3.89).Our findings support an association between low-to-moderate levels of arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer risk in New England. In addition, historical consumption of water from private wells, particularly dug wells in an era when arsenical pesticides were widely used, was associated with increased bladder cancer risk and may have contributed to the New England excess.

Dataset Information

Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Ingested Nitrate and Nitrite and Bladder Cancer in Northern New England.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets