Dataset Information

What nature separated, and human joined together: About a spontaneous hybridization between two allopatric dogwood species (Cornus controversa and C. alternifolia).

ABSTRACT: In this study, possible hybridization between two allopatric species, Cornus controversa and Cornus alternifolia, was explored using molecular and morphological approaches. Scanning electron microscope analyses of the adaxial and the abaxial leaf surfaces yielded a few new not yet described characters typical for the particular species and intermediate for hybrids. With the use of 14 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and 5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism primer combinations, 44 fragments species specific to C. controversa and 51 species specific to C. alternifolia were obtained. Most of these bands were also found in putative hybrids. All clustering analyses based on binary data combined from both methods confirmed a separate and intermediate status of the hybrids. Hybrid index estimates for hybrids C1-C5 indicated that all were the first generation of offspring (F1). Chloroplast intergenic spacers (trnF-trnL and psbC-trnS) were used to infer the hybridization direction. Based on the assumption of maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA, C. controversa seems to be the maternal parent of the hybrid. Internal transcribed spacer sequences of the five hybrids analyzed here indicated higher similarity with the sequences of C. controversa (all shared the majority of its single nucleotide polymorphisms). Sequence analysis of PI-like genes fully confirmed the hybrid origin of C1-C5 hybrids. Our results also showed that two specimens in the C. alternifolia group, A1 and A3, are not free of introgression. They are probably repeated backcrosses toward C. alternifolia. Furthermore, molecular data seem to point not only to unidirectional introgression toward C. controversa (the presence of hybrids) but to bidirectional introgression as well, since the presence of markers specific for C. controversa in the profiles of C. alternifolia specimen A3 was observed.

SUBMITTER: Gawronska B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6927628 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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What nature separated, and human joined together: About a spontaneous hybridization between two allopatric dogwood species (Cornus controversa and C. alternifolia).

Gawrońska Barbara B Morozowska Maria M Nuc Katarzyna K Kosiński Piotr P Słomski Ryszard R

PloS one 20191223 12

In this study, possible hybridization between two allopatric species, Cornus controversa and Cornus alternifolia, was explored using molecular and morphological approaches. Scanning electron microscope analyses of the adaxial and the abaxial leaf surfaces yielded a few new not yet described characters typical for the particular species and intermediate for hybrids. With the use of 14 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and 5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism primer combinations, 44 fragments s ...[more]

PMID: 31869386

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Project description:Background and aimsLFY homologues encode transcription factors that regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in flowering plants and have been shown to control inﬂorescence patterning in model species. This study investigated the expression patterns of LFY homologues within the diverse inflorescence types (head-like, umbel-like and inflorescences with elongated internodes) in closely related lineages in the dogwood genus (Cornus s.l.). The study sought to determine whether LFY homologues in Cornus species are expressed during floral and inflorescence development and if the pattern of expression is consistent with a function in regulating floral development and inflorescence architectures in the genus.MethodsTotal RNAs were extracted using the CTAB method and the first-strand cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript III first-strand synthesis system kit (Invitrogen). Expression of CorLFY was investigated by RT-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the maximum likelihood methods implemented in RAxML-HPC v7.2.8.Key resultscDNA clones of LFY homologues (designated CorLFY) were isolated from six Cornus species bearing different types of inflorescence. CorLFY cDNAs were predicted to encode proteins of approximately 375 amino acids. The detection of CorLFY expression patterns using in situ RNA hybridization demonstrated the expression of CorLFY within the inflorescence meristems, inflorescence branch meristems, floral meristems and developing floral organ primordia. PCR analyses for cDNA libraries derived from reverse transcription of total RNAs showed that CorLFY was also expressed during the late-stage development of flowers and inflorescences, as well as in bracts and developing leaves. Consistent differences in the CorLFY expression patterns were not detected among the distinct inflorescence types.ConclusionsThe results suggest a role for CorLFY genes during floral and inflorescence development in dogwoods. However, the failure to detect expression differences between the inflorescence types in the Cornus species analysed suggests that the evolutionary shift between major inflorescence types in the genus is not controlled by dramatic alterations in the levels of CorLFY gene transcript accumulation. However, due to spatial, temporal and quantitative limitations of the expression data, it cannot be ruled out that subtle differences in the level or location of CorLFY transcripts may underlie the different inflorescence architectures that are observed across these species. Alternatively, differences in CorLFY protein function or the expression or function of other regulators (e.g. TFL1 and UFO homologues) may support the divergent developmental trajectories.

Project description:The genus Cornus is known for its complicated taxonomy and extreme polymorphism. Currently, dogwoods are classified into four morphological groups reflected in four phylogenetic clades: blue- or white-fruited dogwoods (BW), cornelian cherries (CC), big-bracted dogwoods (BB), and dwarf dogwoods (DW). The present study is a continuation of a series of papers that started with the examination of the endocarp morphological diversity among BW species. The endocarps of 22 Cornus species were studied according to their morphology, internal structure, and sculpture; the aim was to evaluate the taxonomic importance of the examined characters and check whether endocarp differentiation supports the published phylogenies, according to which the relationships within the genus are indicated as (BW(CC(DW-BB))). Among the quantitative characters, the endocarp's length, thickness, and width, its length/width ratio, and the number of vascular bundles on its surface were considered taxonomically important. Regarding the qualitative characters, the taxonomic significance of the stone shape, the endocarp apex and base outline, the position of vascular bundles on the endocarp surface, and the presence of the apical cavity and distinct furrow on the endocarp side walls was proved. Additionally, the uniform qualitative characters having a 100% share of a given character state were identified. Cornelian cherries and dwarf dogwoods were characterised by the presence of four uniform characters. In the big-bracted group, two uniform characters were found. Blue- or white-fruited species were the most heterogeneous, with no uniform characters. Regarding the endocarp's internal structure, the presence of secretory cavities in the endocarp wall and in the septa, the presence of crystals in the outer endocarp, the number of cell layers in the transition sclereid zone, and the primary and secondary sculptures were found to be taxonomically significant. Additionally, the comparative analyses of dogwood endocarps found the following parameters to be useful: the germination valve thickness, the ratio of endocarp wall thickness to endocarp diameter, and the septum's width and structure. Due to the great differentiation of the examined characters, it was difficult to verify the research hypothesis unambiguously. The calculated similarity coefficients of the endocarps' qualitative and quantitative characters revealed the highest morphological similarity of endocarps between DW and BB groups, supporting the phylogenetic relationships based on molecular evidence. The number of vascular bundles on the endocarp surface was the character that supported this similarity the most. The similarity coefficients calculated separately for qualitative characters showed the closest similarity between groups CC-DW. However, these results do not directly reflect any of the published phylogenies.

Dataset Information

What nature separated, and human joined together: About a spontaneous hybridization between two allopatric dogwood species (Cornus controversa and C. alternifolia).

Publications

What nature separated, and human joined together: About a spontaneous hybridization between two allopatric dogwood species (Cornus controversa and C. alternifolia).

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