Dataset Information

Lifestyle-Induced Microbial Gradients: An Indian Perspective.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Urbanization is a globally pervasive trend. Although urban settings provide better access to infrastructure and opportunities, urban lifestyles have certain negative consequences on human health. A number of recent studies have found interesting associations between the structure of human gut microbiota and the prevalence of metabolic conditions characterizing urban populations. The present study attempts to expand the footprint of these investigations to an Indian context. The objectives include elucidating specific patterns and gradients based on resident habitat and lifestyles (i.e., tribal and urban) that characterize gut microbial communities. Methods: Available 16S rRNA sequence datasets corresponding to the gut microbiota of urban and tribal populations from multiple regions of India have been rigorously compared. This analysis was carried out to understand the overall community structure, resident taxa, and their (inferred) functional components as well as their correlations with available meta-information. Results: The gut microbiota of urban and tribal communities are observed to have characteristically different signatures with respect to diversity as well as taxonomic and functional composition. Primarily, the gut microbiota in tribal communities is found to harbor significantly higher species diversity and richness as compared to that in urban populations. In spite of geographical segregation and diet-related differences, gut microbial diversity was not found to differ significantly between tribal groups. Furthermore, while the taxonomic profiles of different tribal communities cluster together irrespective of their geographic location, enterotype analysis indicates that samples from urban communities form two distinct clusters. Taxonomic analysis of samples in one of these clusters reveals the presence of microbes that are common to both urban and tribal cohorts, indicating a probable transient evolutionary state. Prevotella, previously reported to be the dominant genus resident in Indian gut microbiota, is found to have distinct OTUs and strain-specific oligotypes characterizing resident habitats and diet patterns. Certain interesting associations between microbial abundances and specific metadata have also been observed. Overall, urban lifestyle and diet appear to impact the structure and function of gut microbial communities, and the results of this study provide further evidence of this likely detrimental association. Conclusion: This study attempts to analyze, in an Indian context, the impact of urbanization on the human gut microbiota. Overall, the analysis elucidates interesting taxonomic and functional signatures characterizing the evolutionary transition in gut microbiota from tribal to urban.

SUBMITTER: Singh R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6928055 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lifestyle-Induced Microbial Gradients: An Indian Perspective.

Singh Rashmi R Haque Mohammed Monzoorul MM Mande Sharmila S SS

Frontiers in microbiology 20191217

<b>Introduction:</b> Urbanization is a globally pervasive trend. Although urban settings provide better access to infrastructure and opportunities, urban lifestyles have certain negative consequences on human health. A number of recent studies have found interesting associations between the structure of human gut microbiota and the prevalence of metabolic conditions characterizing urban populations. The present study attempts to expand the footprint of these investigations to an Indian context. ...[more]

PMID: 31921052

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Project description:Aims Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation promotes obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, which represents a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lifestyle-induced weight loss (WL) is regarded as an efficient therapy to reverse MetS and to prevent disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate if lifestyle-induced WL modulates the gut microbiome and its interaction with the host. Methods We analyzed and compared the fecal metaproteome of 33 individuals with MetS in a longitudinal study before and after lifestyle-induced WL in a well-defined cohort (ICTRP Trial Number: U1111-1158-3672). Results The 6-month WL intervention resulted in reduced BMI (-13.9%), increased insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR; -53.70%) and reduced levels of circulating CRP (-66.86%), indicating MetS reversal. The metaprotein spectra of the host revealed a decrease of human proteins associated with gut inflammation and reduced abundance of human pancreatic alpha-amylase. Surprisingly, taxonomic analysis of the fecal metaproteome revealed only minor changes in the bacterial composition with an increase of low-abundant families (Desulfovibrionaceae, Leptospiraceae, Syntrophomonadaceae, Thermotogaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae). Yet, we detected increased abundance of microbial metaprotein spectra that correspond to enhanced hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates (endoglucanase A, β-1,4-mannooligosaccharide phosphorylase, galactokinase, 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase), indicating functional changes of the gut microbiome. Conclusions Our results indicate that lifestyle induced WL may improve interaction between the gut microbiome and the host in individuals with MetS, while bacterial composition remained almost stable. Metaproteome analysis of host proteins reveals reduced gut inflammation whereas microbial metaprotein spectra indicate functional changes towards degradation of complex carbohydrates. The filenames correspond to the ID of the patient (1-33), whereas “C” corresponds to baseline and “ABC” to weight loss.

Project description:STUDY QUESTION:Are Australian fertility clinics adequately addressing unhealthy lifestyle in patients seeking fertility treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER:This study has highlighted deficiencies in practices and education around managing patients with unhealthy lifestyle undergoing fertility treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:The association between lifestyle and fertility is well documented, with obesity and smoking being of particular concern to fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Guidelines recommend that unhealthy lifestyle is addressed prior to conception, yet anecdotal experience suggests this is not being addressed. Lifestyle modification programmes can be effective in improving pregnancy rates and outcomes, however, recruitment to such programmes can be challenging. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION:A cohort study of Australian fertility clinics' attitudes and practices regarding lifestyle modification to augment reproductive treatment outcomes was conducted between August and October 2015. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHOD:An online survey was administered to senior fertility nurses, from all registered fertility clinics in Australia. Data were collated and subjected to a univariate data analysis, where frequency tables were produced for each question. A separate qualitative analysis was undertaken of data from open ended questions. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE:Fifty-three out of 85 potential respondents (62.4%), all from different clincis, completed the survey, with almost all acknowledging the importance of addressing unhealthy lifestyle before offering ART treatment. However, most clinics did not offer internal resources to assist with lifestyle modification. Whilst the promotion of healthy lifestyle was recognised as a key component of the role of a fertility nurse, participants did not feel that nurses were best equipped to provide lifestyle modification programmes, owing to a lack of resources and specific skills in this area. Suggested areas for improved practice included prioritising general health prior to offering treatment, and further utilising and upskilling nurses to assist with lifestyle modification programmes. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION:The survey was completed by only one nurse from each clinic and as such may not be entirely representative of all clinic practices. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS:Fertility clinics are likely to see an increasing number of patients with unhealthy lifestyle, resulting in health concerns such as obesity. The results of this study provide an insight into how unhealthy lifestyle is currently being addressed in fertility clinics and suggested areas that could be targeted for improving practice and outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS:No conflict of interest to declare. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NA.

Dataset Information

Lifestyle-Induced Microbial Gradients: An Indian Perspective.

Publications

Lifestyle-Induced Microbial Gradients: An Indian Perspective.

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