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Direct-Current Generator Based on Dynamic PN Junctions with the Designed Voltage Output.

ABSTRACT: The static PN junction is the foundation of integrated circuits. Herein, we pioneer a high current density generation by mechanically moving N-type semiconductor over P-type semiconductor, named as the dynamic PN junction. The establishment and destruction of the depletion layer causes the redistribution and rebounding of diffusing carriers by the built-in field, similar to a capacitive charge/discharge process of PN junction capacitance during the movement. Through inserting dielectric layer at the interface of the dynamic PN junction, output voltage can be improved and designed numerically according to the energy level difference between the valence band of semiconductor and conduction band of dielectric layer. Especially, the dynamic MoS₂/AlN/Si generator with open-circuit voltage of 5.1 V, short-circuit current density of 112.0 A/m², power density of 130.0 W/m², and power-conversion efficiency of 32.5% has been achieved, which can light up light-emitting diode timely and directly. This generator can continuously work for 1 h, demonstrating its great potential applications.

SUBMITTER: Lu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6931221 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Direct-Current Generator Based on Dynamic PN Junctions with the Designed Voltage Output.

Lu Yanghua Y Hao Zhenzhen Z Feng Sirui S Shen Runjiang R Yan Yanfei Y Lin Shisheng S

iScience 20191106

The static PN junction is the foundation of integrated circuits. Herein, we pioneer a high current density generation by mechanically moving N-type semiconductor over P-type semiconductor, named as the dynamic PN junction. The establishment and destruction of the depletion layer causes the redistribution and rebounding of diffusing carriers by the built-in field, similar to a capacitive charge/discharge process of PN junction capacitance during the movement. Through inserting dielectric layer at ...[more]

PMID: 31751825

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Project description:We are reporting on the fabrication and characterization of microscale electromechanical actuators driven by the internal forces induced within the depletion region of a typical pn junction. Depletion region actuators operate based on the modulation of the interactions of the internal electric field and the net space charge within the depletion region of a pn junction by an external potential. In terms of performance, depletion region actuators fall between electrostatic actuators, where a physical gap separates the charges on two electrodes, and piezoelectric actuators, where the separation between the charges is on the order of lattice constants of the material. An analytic model of depletion region actuator response to an applied potential is developed and verified experimentally. The prototype micro-mechanical device utilized the local stresses produced by the depletion region actuators to generate mechanical vibrations at frequencies far below the resonance frequencies of the structure. A laser Doppler vibrometer was used to measure and compare the displacements and vibration patterns caused by the depletion region and electrostatic actuators. Utilizing depletion region actuators neither requires etching of narrow gaps, which is technically challenging nor is there a need for introducing piezoelectric materials into the fabrication process flow. The simple operating principle and the possibility of exploiting the technique for various optimized linear or nonlinear actuation at small scales provide opportunities for precise electro-mechanical transduction for micro- and nano-mechanical devices. These actuators are therefore suited for the co-fabrication of micro- and nano-mechanical systems and microelectronic circuits. Additionally, the produced strains depend only on the depletion region specifications and the excitation voltage and do not scale with device dimensions. As such, depletion region actuators can be candidates for efficient nanoscale electromechanical actuation.

Dataset Information

Direct-Current Generator Based on Dynamic PN Junctions with the Designed Voltage Output.

Publications

Direct-Current Generator Based on Dynamic PN Junctions with the Designed Voltage Output.

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