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For the students, by the students: Student perceptions of low cost medical moulage in a resource-constrained environment.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Simulation-based learning affords participants the opportunity to practice high-acuity, low-incidence situations without risk to the patient. The realism of a simulated scenario is often referred to as fidelity. High levels of fidelity imply high levels of realism. One method of enhancing fidelity is the use of moulage. Commercially available moulage kits and professionally applied moulage are often expensive and therefore not practical in the resource-constrained environment. Cost-effective alternatives are required for the resource-constrained environment. Methods:Students at a South African university used readily available, low cost materials to apply self-constructed, low cost moulage for a bandaging practical. A cross sectional design used a purpose-designed, validated questionnaire to gather data related to face and content validity of the self-constructed moulage. Frequency analysis formed the cornerstone of Likert-type quantitative data analysis. An open-ended question afforded participants the opportunity to express their own opinions related to the moulage experience. Results:The results revealed that there was both high face validity and high content validity of the self-constructed moulage. Participants found the activity enjoyable and a generally positive learning experience. The self-constructed moulage was realistic and added to the fidelity of the scenario. Participant confidence was improved and their engagement in the learning activity was enhanced. Participants found the self-constructed, low-cost moulage more realistic that commercial products that they had been exposed to. Conclusion:The use of low-cost, self-constructed moulage is a feasible and economically viable means of enhancing fidelity within the resource-constrained simulation setting. This technique is not necessarily limited to emergency medical care and can be used in other areas of healthcare simulation.

SUBMITTER: Makkink AW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6933254 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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For the students, by the students: Student perceptions of low cost medical moulage in a resource-constrained environment.

Makkink Andrew William AW Slabber Helen H

African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence 20191031 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>Simulation-based learning affords participants the opportunity to practice high-acuity, low-incidence situations without risk to the patient. The realism of a simulated scenario is often referred to as fidelity. High levels of fidelity imply high levels of realism. One method of enhancing fidelity is the use of moulage. Commercially available moulage kits and professionally applied moulage are often expensive and therefore not practical in the resource-constrained environmen ...[more]

PMID: 31890486

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Project description:ImportanceBurnout is a highly prevalent issue among medical trainees, but there has been limited research characterizing burnout specifically among medical students from groups who are underrepresented in medicine (URIM).ObjectiveTo assess the association between components of the medical school learning environment and burnout among medical students who are URIM vs those who are not.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective cross-sectional survey study evaluated responses of allopathic medical students graduating from all US allopathic medical schools in 2016 and 2017 to the American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire. Analysis was completed between December 1, 2019, and July 1, 2020.ExposuresSelf-identification as a medical student who is URIM.Main outcomes and measuresSelf-reported measures of medical student overall, disengagement, and exhaustion-related burnout using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Medical Students.ResultsThe American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire had an 81% response rate, yielding 26 567 complete participant responses that were included the analysis. A total of 13 645 individuals (51.4%) were male, and 3947 (14.9%) identified as URIM (ie, Alaska Native, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Native American, and/or Pacific Islander). Medical students who are URIM reported modestly higher levels of exhaustion-related burnout (mean [SD], 11.84 [3.62] vs 11.48 [3.61]; P < .001) and modestly lower mean burnout scores associated with disengagement (mean [SD], 9.24 [3.56] vs 9.36 [3.58]; P = .047). Medical students who are URIM also reported marginally less favorable student-faculty interactions in the learning environment (mean [SD], 14.09 [3.45] vs 14.29 [3.35]; P < .001). Medical students who are URIM were more likely to be in the top quartile of those who experienced exhaustion-related burnout (odds ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09-1.29]) but less likely to be in the top quartile for disengagement (odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80-0.94]). Regardless of URIM status, those who reported learning environment scores in the bottom quartile were more likely to experience higher rates of burnout as were those who experienced at least 1 episode of discrimination.Conclusions and relevanceThis survey study found that medical students who are URIM had a higher risk for exhaustion-related burnout. This burnout is likely multifactorial and could represent a resiliency or survival bias, the burden of increased responsibility, and/or recurrent discrimination. The learning environment can play a key role in mitigating burnout in both medical students who are URIM and those who are not and is deserving of further research.

Project description:Assessment environment, synonymous with climate or atmosphere, is multifaceted. Although there are valid and reliable instruments for measuring the educational environment, there is no validated instrument for measuring the assessment environment in medical programs. This study aimed to develop an instrument for measuring students' perceptions of the assessment environment in an undergraduate medical program and to examine the psychometric properties of the new instrument.The Assessment Environment Questionnaire (AEQ), a 40-item, four-point (1=Strongly Disagree to 4=Strongly Agree) Likert scale instrument designed by the authors, was administered to medical undergraduates from the authors' institution. The response rate was 626/794 (78.84%). To establish construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis and varimax rotation was conducted. To examine the internal consistency reliability of the instrument, Cronbach's α was computed. Mean scores for the entire AEQ and for each factor/subscale were calculated. Mean AEQ scores of students from different academic years and sex were examined.Six hundred and eleven completed questionnaires were analysed. EFA extracted four factors: feedback mechanism (seven items), learning and performance (five items), information on assessment (five items), and assessment system/procedure (three items), which together explained 56.72% of the variance. Based on the four extracted factors/subscales, the AEQ was reduced to 20 items. Cronbach's α for the 20-item AEQ was 0.89, whereas Cronbach's α for the four factors/subscales ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. Mean score for the AEQ was 2.68/4.00. The factor/subscale of 'feedback mechanism' recorded the lowest mean (2.39/4.00), whereas the factor/subscale of 'assessment system/procedure' scored the highest mean (2.92/4.00). Significant differences were found among the AEQ scores of students from different academic years.The AEQ is a valid and reliable instrument. Initial validation supports its use to measure students' perceptions of the assessment environment in an undergraduate medical program.

Project description:BackgroundThe teaching and learning environment (TLE) in medical schools is critical for shaping the outcomes and competencies of graduates. Research on TLE has highlighted its influence on student learning approaches and outcomes, yet gaps remain, particularly in qualitative insights, especially in Saudi Arabian contexts. This study aims to explore the students' experiences and perceptions of the TLE in a new medical college.MethodsThis qualitative study consisted of a total of five focus group discussions (3consequtive sessions for male group and two for female group) conducted virtually using the Zoom videoconferencing application. All the discussion sessions took place during a lockdown because of the COVID-19 pandemic between December 2020 and February 2021. Each session lasted for 45-60 min. Each group was formed of 4-5 students from different academic levels in the Majmaah medical school, which was established 10 years ago and is located in a small city. After "verbatim transcription" of the sessions was made, a framework thematic analysis of the data was performed using the NVivo software.ResultsThe study results revealed that various elements, such as educational content, faculty roles, and personal factors, collectively influenced the students' educational experiences. The students valued educational relevance and autonomous decision-making. The multifunctional role of faculty as mentors, evaluators, and resource providers was considered essential in enhancing academic experiences. Additionally, there was an evident need to improve the physical learning environment and facilities to adapt to emerging educational needs. These results align with existing literature, emphasizing the integration of theory and practice and the significant impact of faculty roles in academic experiences.ConclusionThe findings suggest that medical colleges should involve students more in decision-making related to their education and ensure the practical relevance of the educational content. Establishing open communication channels between students and faculty who act as mentors and evaluators is also essential. Furthermore, enhancing supportive infrastructures, such as mental health and financial services, and promoting extracurricular activities are crucial for fostering a more effective and nurturing learning environment.

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For the students, by the students: Student perceptions of low cost medical moulage in a resource-constrained environment.

Publications

For the students, by the students: Student perceptions of low cost medical moulage in a resource-constrained environment.

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