Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Causes of Large Increases in Atmospheric Ammonia in the Last Decade across North America.

ABSTRACT: Decadal trends of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and their potential causes were explored through the analysis of monitored data collected at 15 sites in the United States and 7 sites in Canada. Large percentage increases in the annual average concentration of atmospheric NH3, for example, >100% at 6 sites and 40-100% at 10 sites, were observed over the most recent 8-13 year period. In contrast, a decrease or a narrow variation in NH3 emissions was reported at the state or provincial level in both countries during the same period. Decreased emissions of SO2 and NO x across North America in the past decade would have reduced the chemical loss of atmospheric NH3 to form particulate NH4 +. Such a chemical mechanism was verified through regression analysis at about half of the monitored sites, where the increasing trends in atmospheric NH3 were partially explained by the reduced NH4 +. Excluding the reduced contribution from this chemical loss to generate the adjusted annual NH3 concentration through two approaches, no decreasing trends can be obtained to align those in emissions at most sites, implying that other factors also contributed to the increase in the annual NH3 concentration. Correlation analysis results implied that enhanced drought conditions and increased ambient temperatures also likely contributed to the increasing trend in the annual NH3 concentration at some sites. The large percentage increases in the annual NH3 concentration cannot be fully explained by all the identified causes, leading to oppugning the reality of the decrease in NH3 emissions reported across North America in the recent decade.

SUBMITTER: Yao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6933799 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Atmospheric autoxidation is increasingly important in urban and suburban North America.

Project description:Gas-phase autoxidation-regenerative peroxy radical formation following intramolecular hydrogen shifts-is known to be important in the combustion of organic materials. The relevance of this chemistry in the oxidation of organics in the atmosphere has received less attention due, in part, to the lack of kinetic data at relevant temperatures. Here, we combine computational and experimental approaches to investigate the rate of autoxidation for organic peroxy radicals (RO2) produced in the oxidation of a prototypical atmospheric pollutant, n-hexane. We find that the reaction rate depends critically on the molecular configuration of the RO2 radical undergoing hydrogen transfer (H-shift). RO2 H-shift rate coefficients via transition states involving six- and seven-membered rings (1,5 and 1,6 H-shifts, respectively) of ?-OH hydrogens (HOC-H) formed in this system are of order 0.1 s-1 at 296 K, while the 1,4 H-shift is calculated to be orders of magnitude slower. Consistent with H-shift reactions over a substantial energetic barrier, we find that the rate coefficients of these reactions increase rapidly with temperature and exhibit a large, primary, kinetic isotope effect. The observed H-shift rate coefficients are sufficiently fast that, as a result of ongoing NO x emission reductions, autoxidation is now competing with bimolecular chemistry even in the most polluted North American cities, particularly during summer afternoons when NO levels are low and temperatures are elevated.

| S-EPMC5776813 | biostudies-other

Bayesian ages for pollen records since the last glaciation in North America.

Project description:Terrestrial pollen records are abundant and widely distributed, making them an excellent proxy for past vegetation dynamics. Age-depth models relate pollen samples from sediment cores to a depositional age based on the relationship between sample depth and available chronological controls. Large-scale synthesis of pollen data benefit from consistent treatment of age uncertainties. Generating new age models helps to reduce potential artifacts from legacy age models that used outdated techniques. Traditional age-depth models, often applied for comparative purposes, infer ages by fitting a curve between dated samples. Bacon, based on Bayesian theory, simulates the sediment deposition process, accounting for both variable deposition rates and temporal/spatial autocorrelation of deposition from one sample to another within the core. Bacon provides robust uncertainty estimation across cores with different depositional processes. We use Bacon to estimate pollen sample ages from 554 North American sediment cores. This dataset standardizes age-depth estimations, supporting future large spatial-temporal studies and removes a challenging, computationally-intensive step for scientists interested in questions that integrate across multiple cores.

| S-EPMC6760146 | biostudies-literature

Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of Atmospheric Rivers.

Project description:Daily precipitation in California has been projected to become less frequent even as precipitation extremes intensify, leading to uncertainty in the overall response to climate warming. Precipitation extremes are historically associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Sixteen global climate models are evaluated for realism in modeled historical AR behavior and contribution of the resulting daily precipitation to annual total precipitation over Western North America. The five most realistic models display consistent changes in future AR behavior, constraining the spread of the full ensemble. They, moreover, project increasing year-to-year variability of total annual precipitation, particularly over California, where change in total annual precipitation is not projected with confidence. Focusing on three representative river basins along the West Coast, we show that, while the decrease in precipitation frequency is mostly due to non-AR events, the increase in heavy and extreme precipitation is almost entirely due to ARs. This research demonstrates that examining meteorological causes of precipitation regime change can lead to better and more nuanced understanding of climate projections. It highlights the critical role of future changes in ARs to Western water resources, especially over California.

| S-EPMC6617450 | biostudies-literature

Modeling the Binding Free Energy of Large Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid-Ammonia Clusters.

Project description:Sulfuric acid and ammonia are believed to account for a large fraction of new-particle formation in the atmosphere. However, it remains unclear how small clusters grow to larger sizes, eventually ending up as stable aerosol particles. Here we present the largest sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters studied to date using quantum chemical methods by calculating the binding free energies of (SA) n (A) n clusters, with n up to 20. Based on benchmark calculations, we apply the B97-3c//GFN1-xTB level of theory to calculate the cluster structures and thermochemical parameters. We find that the cluster structures drastically evolve at larger sizes. We identify that an ammonium ion is fully coordinated in the core of the cluster at n = 7, and at n = 13 we see the emergence of the first fully coordinated bisulfate ion. We identify multiple ammonium and bisulfate ions that are embedded in the core of the cluster structure at n = 19. The binding free energy per acid-base pair levels out around n = 8-10, indicating that at a certain point the thermochemistry of the clusters converges toward a constant value.

| S-EPMC8908776 | biostudies-literature

Ocean fronts and eddies force atmospheric rivers and heavy precipitation in western North America.

Project description:Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are responsible for over 90% of poleward water vapor transport in the mid-latitudes and can produce extreme precipitation when making landfall. However, weather and climate models still have difficulty simulating and predicting landfalling ARs and associated extreme precipitation, highlighting the need to better understand AR dynamics. Here, using high-resolution climate models and observations, we demonstrate that mesoscale sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies along the Kuroshio Extension can exert a remote influence on landfalling ARs and related heavy precipitation along the west coast of North America. Inclusion of mesoscale SST forcing in the simulations results in approximately a 40% increase in landfalling ARs and up to a 30% increase in heavy precipitation in mountainous regions and this remote impact occurs on two-week time scales. The asymmetrical response of the atmosphere to warm vs. cold mesoscale SSTs over the eddy-rich Kuroshio Extension region is proposed as a forcing mechanism that results in a net increase of moisture flux above the planetary boundary layer, prompting AR genesis via enhancing moisture transport into extratropical cyclones in the presence of mesoscale SST forcing.

| S-EPMC7904778 | biostudies-literature

Causes of accelerating sea level on the East Coast of North America.

Project description:The tide-gauge record from the North American East Coast reveals significant accelerations in sea level starting in the late twentieth century. The estimated post-1990 accelerations range from near zero to ?0.3 mm yr-2. We find that the observed sea level acceleration is well modeled using several processes: mass change in Greenland and Antarctica as measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites; ocean dynamic and steric variability provided by the GECCO2 ocean synthesis; and the inverted barometer effect. However, to achieve this fit requires estimation of an admittance for the dynamical and steric contribution, possibly due to the coarse resolution of this analysis or to simplifications associated with parameterization of bottom friction in the shallow coastal areas. The acceleration from ice loss alone is equivalent to a regional sea level rise in one century of 0.2 m in the north and 0.75 m in the south of this region.

| S-EPMC5586198 | biostudies-literature

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in North America: A Large Prospective Multicenter Study.

Project description:Background and aimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Asia has been shown to be superior to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and surgery for the management of selected early gastrointestinal cancers. We aimed to evaluate technical outcomes of ESD in North America.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter prospective study on ESD across 10 centers in the United States and Canada between April 2016 and April 2020. End points included rates of en bloc resection, R0 resection, curative resection, adverse events, factors associated with failed resection, and recurrence post-R0 resection.ResultsSix hundred and ninety-two patients (median age, 66 years; 57.8% were men) underwent ESD (median lesion size, 40 mm; interquartile range, 25-52 mm) for lesions in the esophagus (n = 181), stomach (n = 101), duodenum (n = 11), colon (n = 211) and rectum (n = 188). En bloc, R0, and curative resection rates were 91.5%, 84.2%, and 78.3%, respectively. Bleeding and perforation were reported in 2.3% and 2.9% of the cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (0.14%) required surgery for adverse events. On multivariable analysis, severe submucosal fibrosis was associated with failed en bloc, R0, and curative resection and higher risk for adverse events. Overall recurrence was 5.8% (31 of 532) at a mean follow-up of 13.3 months (range, 1-60 months).ConclusionsIn this large multicenter prospective North American experience, we demonstrate that ESD can be performed safely, effectively, and is associated with a low recurrence rate. The technical resection outcomes achieved in this study are in line with the current established consensus quality parameters and further support the implementation of ESD for the treatment of select gastrointestinal neoplasms; ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT02989818.

| S-EPMC8783061 | biostudies-literature

A Metagenomics Analysis of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Infection in Patients in North America

Project description:The Virochip microarray (version 4.0) was used to detect viruses in patients from North America with unexplained influenza-like illness at the onset of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

2010-11-01 | GSE24034 | GEO

Invertebrate Iridoviruses: A Glance over the Last Decade.

Project description:Members of the family Iridoviridae (iridovirids) are large dsDNA viruses that infect both invertebrate and vertebrate ectotherms and whose symptoms range in severity from minor reductions in host fitness to systemic disease and large-scale mortality. Several characteristics have been useful for classifying iridoviruses; however, novel strains are continuously being discovered and, in many cases, reliable classification has been challenging. Further impeding classification, invertebrate iridoviruses (IIVs) can occasionally infect vertebrates; thus, host range is often not a useful criterion for classification. In this review, we discuss the current classification of iridovirids, focusing on genomic and structural features that distinguish vertebrate and invertebrate iridovirids and viral factors linked to host interactions in IIV6 (Invertebrate iridescent virus 6). In addition, we show for the first time how complete genome sequences of viral isolates can be leveraged to improve classification of new iridovirid isolates and resolve ambiguous relations. Improved classification of the iridoviruses may facilitate the identification of genus-specific virulence factors linked with diverse host phenotypes and host interactions.

| S-EPMC5923455 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptome comparison between emergent and historical emm4 group A Streptococcus strains from North America

Project description:Clonal emergence is a major driver for changes in bacterial disease epidemiology. Recently, it has been proposed that episodic emergence of novel, hypervirulent clones of group A Streptococcus (GAS) results from horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and recombination events leading to increased expression of the cytotoxins Nga (NADase) and SLO (streptolysin O). We previously described a gene fusion event involving the gene encoding the GAS M protein (emm) and an adjacent M-like protein (enn) in the emm4 GAS population, a GAS emm type that lacks the hyaluronic acid capsule. Using whole genome sequencing of a temporally and geographically diverse set of 1,127 isolates, we discovered that the North American emm4 GAS population has undergone clonal replacement with emergent GAS strains completely replacing historical isolates by 2017. Emergent emm4 GAS strains were defined by a handful of small genetic variations, including the emm-enn gene fusion, and showed a marked in vitro growth defect compared to historical strains. In contrast to other previously described GAS clonal emergence events, emergent emm4 GAS lacked significant HGT events and showed no significant increase in transcript levels of nga/slo toxin gene via RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis relative to historic strains. Despite the in vitro growth differences, emergent emm4 GAS strains demonstrated hypervirulence in mouse and ex vivo growth in human blood compared to historical strains. Thus, these data detail the emergence and dissemination of a hypervirulent acapsular GAS clone defined by small genetic variation thereby defining a novel model for GAS strain replacement.

2021-05-05 | GSE160737 | GEO

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data