Dataset Information

A cis-element within the ARF locus mediates repression of p16 INK4A expression via long-range chromatin interactions.

ABSTRACT: Loss of function of CDKN2A/B, also known as INK4/ARF [encoding p16INK4A, p15INK4B, and p14ARF (mouse p19Arf)], confers susceptibility to cancers, whereas its up-regulation during organismal aging provokes cellular senescence and tissue degenerative disorders. To better understand the transcriptional regulation of p16 INK4A , a CRISPR screen targeting open, noncoding chromatin regions adjacent to p16 INK4A was performed in a human p16 INK4A-P2A-mCherry reporter cell line. We identified a repressive element located in the 3' region adjacent to the ARF promoter that controls p16 INK4A expression via long-distance chromatin interactions. Coinfection of lentiviral dCas9-KRAB with selected single-guide RNAs against the repressive element abrogated the ARF/p16 INK4A chromatin contacts, thus reactivating p16 INK4A expression. Genetic CRISPR screening identified candidate transcription factors inhibiting p16 INK4A regulation, including ZNF217, which was confirmed to bind the ARF/p16 INK4A interaction loop. In summary, direct physical interactions between p16 INK4A and ARF genes provide mechanistic insights into their cross-regulation.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6936709 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A cis-element within the ARF locus mediates repression of p16INK4A expression via long-range chromatin interactions.

Zhang Yang Y Hyle Judith J Wright Shaela S Shao Ying Y Zhao Xujie X Zhang Hui H Li Chunliang C

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20191209 52

Loss of function of CDKN2A/B, also known as INK4/ARF [encoding p16INK4A, p15INK4B, and p14ARF (mouse p19Arf)], confers susceptibility to cancers, whereas its up-regulation during organismal aging provokes cellular senescence and tissue degenerative disorders. To better understand the transcriptional regulation of p16INK4A, a CRISPR screen targeting open, noncoding chromatin regions adjacent to p16 ...[more]

PMID: 31818950

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Project description:The immortalization process is a fundamental step in the development of most (if not all) human cancers, including the aggressive endothelial cell (EC)-derived malignancy angiosarcoma. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p16(INK4a) and the development of multiple chromosomal abnormalities are features of angiosarcoma that are recapitulated during telomerase-mediated immortalization of human ECs in vitro. The present study used a panel of telomerase-immortalized bone marrow EC (BMEC) lines to define the consequences of inactivation of p16(INK4a) on EC function and to identify molecular changes associated with repression of p16(INK4a). In a comparison of two immortalized BMEC mass cultures and six clones, the cell lines that repressed p16(INK4a) showed a higher rate of proliferation and an impaired ability to undergo morphogenic differentiation and form vessel-like structures in vitro. Proteomic comparison of a p16(INK4a)-negative and a p16(INK4a)-positive BMEC mass culture at early- and late-passage time points following transduction with telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) revealed altered expression of cytoskeletal proteins, including vimentin and ?-tropomyosin (?Tm), in the immortal cells. Immunoblot analyses of a panel of 11 immortal clones showed that cells that lacked p16(INK4a) expression tended to accumulate more dramatic changes in these cytoskeletal proteins than cells that retained p16(INK4a) expression. This corresponded with aberrant cytoskeletal architectures among p16(INK4a)-negative clones, which featured thicker actin stress fibers and less fluid membrane ruffles than p16(INK4a)-positive cells. A direct link between p16(INK4a) repression and defective EC function was confirmed by analysis of normal cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting p16(INK4a). siRNA-mediated repression of p16(INK4a) significantly impaired random motility and vessel formation in vitro. This report is the first to demonstrate that ECs that repress the expression of p16(INK4a) are prone to defects in motility, morphogenesis and cytoskeletal organization. These defects are likely to reflect alterations that occur during the development of EC-derived malignancies.

Dataset Information

A cis-element within the ARF locus mediates repression of p16 INK4A expression via long-range chromatin interactions.

Publications

A <i>cis</i>-element within the <i>ARF</i> locus mediates repression of <i>p16</i><sup><i>INK4A</i></sup> expression via long-range chromatin interactions.

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