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Overlapping genetic effects between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive functioning.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Several studies have indicated significant genetic influences on suicide-related phenotypes and mounting evidence from neurobiological research has linked deficits in neurocognitive abilities to suicide phenotypes. The goal of the present study was to estimate the heritability of suicidal ideation (SI) in a large sample of adolescents and determine if SI is genetically correlated with neurocognitive functioning. METHODS:Genome-wide data (N?=?3564 unrelated individuals of European Ancestry) were drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort. Adolescents completed a psychiatric assessment, as well as a computerized neurocognitive battery to assess performance across four domains: memory, executive function, social cognition, and complex cognition. Genomic-relatedness-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) estimation was used to determine SNP-heritability (h2SNP) of SI and the genetic correlation (rG) between SI and neurocognitive domains. RESULTS:Nearly 17% of adolescents reported SI. The SNP-heritability estimate for SI was marginally significant (h2SNP?=?11%, SE?=?8%, p?=?0.086). Bivariate analyses indicated a significant rG between SI and emotion identification (rG?=?0.79, SE?=?0.45, p?=?0.006; phenotypic correlation r?=?0.04, p?=?0.017). LIMITATIONS:It is possible that SI may represent a related, but differentially heritable construct from suicide attempts/completion and other comorbid psychopathology. Additionally, though genetic correlations point to shared genetic factors across traits, direct causal mechanisms cannot be deduced. CONCLUSIONS:Common heritable factors contribute to variation in SI and neurocognitive functioning. Genetic factors influencing emotion identification have significant genetic overlap with SI.

SUBMITTER: Brick LA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6937431 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overlapping genetic effects between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive functioning.

Brick Leslie A LA Marraccini Marisa E ME Micalizzi Lauren L Benca-Bachman Chelsie E CE Knopik Valerie S VS Palmer Rohan H C RHC

Journal of affective disorders 20190206

<h4>Background</h4>Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Several studies have indicated significant genetic influences on suicide-related phenotypes and mounting evidence from neurobiological research has linked deficits in neurocognitive abilities to suicide phenotypes. The goal of the present study was to estimate the heritability of suicidal ideation (SI) in a large sample of adolescents and determine if SI is genetically correlated with neurocogniti ...[more]

PMID: 30769295

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Although there are extensive data on clinical psychopathology in youth with suicidal ideation, data are lacking regarding their neurocognitive function. AIMS:To characterise the cognitive profile of youth with suicidal ideation in a community sample and evaluate gender differences and pubertal status effects. METHOD:Participants (N = 6151, age 11-21 years, 54.9% females) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a non-help-seeking community sample, underwent detailed clinical evaluation. Cognitive phenotyping included executive functioning, episodic memory, complex reasoning and social cognitive functioning. We compared participants with suicidal ideation (N = 672) and without suicidal ideation (N = 5479). Regression models were employed to evaluate differences in cognitive performance and functional level, with gender and pubertal status as independent variables. Models controlled for lifetime depression or general psychopathology, and for covariates including age and socioeconomic status. RESULTS:Youth with suicidal ideation showed greater psychopathology, poorer level of function but better overall neurocognitive performance. Greater functional impairment was observed in females with suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation × gender interaction, t = 3.091, P = 0.002). Greater neurocognition was associated with suicidal ideation post-puberty (suicidal ideation × puberty interaction, t = 3.057, P = 0.002). Exploratory analyses of specific neurocognitive domains showed that suicidal ideation-associated cognitive superiority was more prominent in post-pubertal males compared with females (Cohen's d = 0.32 and d = 0.11, respectively) across all cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS:Suicidal ideation was associated with poorer functioning yet better cognitive performance, especially in post-pubertal males, as measured by a comprehensive cognitive battery. Findings point to gender and pubertal-status specificity in the relationship between suicidal ideation, cognition and function in youth. DECLARATION OF INTEREST:R.B. serves on the scientific board and reports stock ownership in 'Taliaz Health', with no conflict of interest relevant to this work. M.A.O. receives royalties for the commercial use of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale from the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene. Her family owns stock in Bristol-Myers Squibb. All other authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Dataset Information

Overlapping genetic effects between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive functioning.

Publications

Overlapping genetic effects between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive functioning.

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