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Anti-listeria Activities of Linalool and Its Mechanism Revealed by Comparative Transcriptome Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes, which causes serious foodborne infections and public health problems worldwide, is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Linalool has been identified as an antimicrobial agent against some microorganism, but its mechanism of action is currently unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of linalool against L. monocytogenes while planktonic and as a biofilm and explored potential mechanisms of action. Linalool exhibited strong anti-listeria activity in the planktonic stage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed seven stages were classified of cells at microscopic level. Mesosome-like structures were observed for the first time in L. monocytogenes after linalool treatment. Linalool also showed significant anti-biofilm activity through both dispersal and killing of cells in the biofilm based on confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) and SEM imaging, crystal violet staining, XTT and COMSTAT assays. Moreover, comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated many potential mechanisms of action for linalool and some important pathways were screened out through the analysis of GO enrichment and KEGG. Our study provides evidence that linalool exhibits a strong antimicrobial activity against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of L. monocytogenes and gives insight into its mechanism of action.

SUBMITTER: Gao Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6938037 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anti-listeria Activities of Linalool and Its Mechanism Revealed by Comparative Transcriptome Analysis.

Gao Zhipeng Z Van Nostrand Joy D JD Zhou Jizhong J Zhong Weiming W Chen Kangyong K Guo Jiajing J

Frontiers in microbiology 20191220

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, which causes serious foodborne infections and public health problems worldwide, is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Linalool has been identified as an antimicrobial agent against some microorganism, but its mechanism of action is currently unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of linalool against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> while planktonic and as a biofilm and explored potential mechanisms of action. Linalool exhibited strong anti-listeria activity ...[more]

PMID: 31921091

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can modulate host responses and presumably host behavior. Host responses as well as pathogenesis vary depending on the parasite strains that are responsible for infection. In immune competent individuals, T. gondii preferentially infects tissues of the central nervous systems (CNS), which might be an additional factor in certain psychiatric disorders. While in immune-compromised individuals and pregnant women, the parasite can cause life-threatening infections. With the availability of the genome-wide investigation platform, the global responses in gene expression of the host after T. gondii infection can be systematically investigated. METHODS: Total RNA of brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes of BALB/C mice infected with RH and ME 49 strain T. gondii as well as that of healthy mice were purified and converted to cRNA with incorporated Cy5-CTP (experimental samples), or Cy3-CTP (control samples). The labeled cRNA probes were hybridized to the Whole Mouse Genome Microarray. The impact of parasite infection on gene expression in both brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were revalidated with real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). RESULTS: Data indicated that the genes associated with immunity were up-regulated after infection by the two parasite strains, but significant up-regulation was observed in both brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes of mice infected with ME49 strain compared to that infected by RH strain. The pathways related to pathogenesis of the nervous system were more significantly up-regulated in mice infected with RH strain. CONCLUSIONS: Genetically distinct T. gondii strains showed clear differences in modulation of host pathophysiological and immunological responses in both brain tissue and peripheral lymphocytes. It was likely that some of the host responses to T. gondii infection were universal, but the immune response and CNS reaction were in a strain-specific manner.

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Anti-listeria Activities of Linalool and Its Mechanism Revealed by Comparative Transcriptome Analysis.

Publications

Anti-listeria Activities of Linalool and Its Mechanism Revealed by Comparative Transcriptome Analysis.

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