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Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate Metered Dose Inhaler Formulated Using Co-Suspension Delivery Technology in Japanese Patients with COPD: A Subgroup Analysis of the KRONOS Study.

ABSTRACT: Background:KRONOS, a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study (NCT02497001) conducted in Canada, China, Japan, and the USA, assessed the efficacy and safety of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI), a triple fixed-dose combination therapy, relative to dual therapies in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD. Here we present findings from the Japanese subgroup of KRONOS. Methods:Patients received BGF MDI 320/18/9.6?g, glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (GFF) MDI 18/9.6?g, budesonide/formoterol fumarate (BFF) MDI 320/9.6?g, or budesonide/formoterol fumarate dry powder inhaler (BUD/FORM DPI) 400/12?g twice-daily for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in morning pre-dose trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over Weeks 12-24. Symptoms, quality of life, exacerbations, and safety were also assessed. Results:In total, 416 Japanese patients (21.9% of the global KRONOS population) were randomized and treated with BGF MDI (n=139), GFF MDI (n=138), BFF MDI (n=70), or BUD/FORM DPI (n=69). Nominally significant improvements in the change from baseline in morning pre-dose trough FEV1 over Weeks 12-24 were observed for BGF MDI vs GFF MDI (least squares mean [LSM] difference 37 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3, 72; P=0.0337) and BFF MDI (67 mL; 95% CI 25, 109; P=0.0020). Treatment with BGF MDI led to a nominally significant reduction in the rate of moderate/severe exacerbations vs GFF MDI (rate ratio 0.40, 95% CI 0.19, 0.83; P=0.0142). Compared with dual therapies, numerical improvements were observed with BGF MDI for Transition Dyspnea Index focal score and the change from baseline in Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD total score (P?0.3899). All treatments were generally well tolerated. Conclusion:BGF MDI nominally significantly improved lung function and numerically improved symptoms vs GFF MDI and BFF MDI. BGF MDI nominally significantly reduced exacerbations vs GFF MDI in Japanese patients with COPD. Efficacy and safety findings were generally comparable to those in the global KRONOS population.

SUBMITTER: Ichinose M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6939402 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate Metered Dose Inhaler Formulated Using Co-Suspension Delivery Technology in Japanese Patients with COPD: A Subgroup Analysis of the KRONOS Study.

Ichinose Masakazu M Fukushima Yasushi Y Inoue Yoshikazu Y Hataji Osamu O Ferguson Gary T GT Rabe Klaus F KF Hayashi Nobuya N Okada Hiroshi H Takikawa Mami M Bourne Eric E Ballal Shaila S DeAngelis Kiernan K Aurivillius Magnus M Dorinsky Paul P Reisner Colin C

International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20191223

<h4>Background</h4>KRONOS, a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study (NCT02497001) conducted in Canada, China, Japan, and the USA, assessed the efficacy and safety of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI), a triple fixed-dose combination therapy, relative to dual therapies in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD. Here we present findings from the Japanese subgroup of KRONOS.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients received BGF MDI 320/18/9.6μg, glycopy ...[more]

PMID: 31920295

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) has been associated with increased risk of bone and ocular comorbidities. We evaluated the effects of the triple fixed-dose combination budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI), formulated using co-suspension delivery technology, on bone mineral density (BMD) and ocular safety in patients with moderate-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS:In this extension study, a subset of patients from the 24-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind KRONOS study (NCT02497001) continued treatment (BGF MDI 320/18/9.6??g, budesonide/formoterol fumarate [BFF] MDI 320/9.6??g or glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate [GFF] MDI 18/9.6??g, as a non-steroidal comparator) for an additional 28?weeks. Primary endpoints were percentage change from baseline in lumbar spine BMD and change from baseline in lens opacities classification system III posterior subcapsular cataract (P) score, both at Week 52. Adverse events were also assessed. RESULTS:In total, 456 patients were included in the safety population (53.1% male, mean age 62.8?years). Changes from baseline in lumbar spine BMD (least squares mean [LSM] range?-?0.12 to 0.38%) and P score (LSM range 0.02-0.15) were small for all treatments. Both BGF MDI and BFF MDI were non-inferior to GFF MDI using margins of -2% (BMD) and 0.5?units (P score). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was generally similar among groups. Rates of confirmed pneumonia were low overall (2.4%) and highest in the GFF MDI group (3.4%), followed by BGF MDI (2.1%) and BFF MDI (1.1%). There were no cumulative adverse effects of treatment over time as the incidence and types of TEAEs, were generally similar in the first 24?weeks of the study and after Week 24. CONCLUSIONS:In patients with COPD, both ICS-containing therapies were non-inferior to GFF MDI for the primary BMD and ophthalmological endpoints. Changes from baseline in all three treatment groups over 52?weeks were small and not clinically meaningful. All treatments were well tolerated with no new or unexpected safety findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02536508. Registered 27 August 2015.

Project description:BackgroundFor patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), greater improvements in lung function have been demonstrated for triple versus dual inhaled therapies in traditional spirometry studies. This study was the first to use functional respiratory imaging (FRI), known for increased sensitivity to airway changes versus spirometry, to assess the effect of the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) component (budesonide) on lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD and a blood eosinophil count > 150 cells/mm3.MethodsPatients in this Phase IIIb (NCT03836677), randomized, double-blind, crossover study received twice-daily budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF) 320/18/9.6 μg fixed-dose triple therapy and glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (GFF) 18/9.6 μg fixed-dose dual therapy over 4 weeks, each delivered via a single metered dose Aerosphere inhaler. Primary endpoints were the improvements from baseline for each treatment in specific (i.e. corrected for lobar volume) image-based airway volume (siVaw) and resistance (siRaw) measured via FRI taken at total lung capacity (Day 29). Secondary outcomes included spirometry and body plethysmography. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.ResultsA total of 23 patients were randomized and included in the intent-to-treat analysis (mean age 64.9 years, 78.3% males, 43.5% current smokers, mean predicted post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] 63.6%). BGF and GFF both statistically significantly increased siVaw from baseline at Day 29 (geometric mean ratio [GM], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72 [1.38, 2.13] and 1.53 [1.28, 1.83], respectively, both p < 0.0001), with a greater increase observed for BGF versus GFF (GM, 95% CI 1.09 [1.03, 1.16], p = 0.0061). Statistically significant reductions in siRaw were also observed with both BGF and GFF (GM, 95% CI 0.50 [0.39, 0.63] and 0.52 [0.40, 0.67], respectively, both p < 0.0001). Additionally, significant improvements from baseline in post-dose FEV1 were observed with BGF and GFF (mean 346 mL, p = 0.0003 and 273 mL, p = 0.0004, respectively). Safety findings were consistent with the known profiles of BGF and GFF.ConclusionsAs observed using FRI, triple therapy with BGF resulted in greater increases in airway volume, and reductions in airway resistance versus long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist (LAMA/LABA) dual therapy with GFF, reflecting the ICS component's contribution in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03836677. Registered 11 February 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03836677.

Project description:BackgroundTriple therapy with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting muscarinic antagonists/long-acting β2-agonists (ICS/LAMA/LABA) is recommended for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with continued symptoms or exacerbations, despite treatment with LAMA/LABA or ICS/LABA. The pulmonary, extrathoracic, and regional lung deposition patterns of a radiolabeled ICS/LAMA/LABA triple fixed-dose combination budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF 320/18/9.6 μg), delivered via a single Aerosphere metered dose inhaler (MDI) were previously assessed in healthy volunteers and showed good deposition to the central and peripheral airways (whole lung deposition: 37.7%). Here, we report the findings assessing BGF in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD.MethodsThis phase I, single-dose, open-label gamma scintigraphy imaging study (NCT03906045) was conducted in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD. Patients received two actuations of BGF MDI (160/9/4.8 μg per actuation) radiolabeled with technetium‑99‑pertechnetate, not exceeding 5 MBq per actuation. Immediately following each inhalation, patients performed a breath-hold of up to 10 s, then exhaled into an exhalation filter. Gamma scintigraphy imaging of the anterior and posterior views of the lungs and stomach, and a lateral head and neck view, were performed immediately after exhalation. The primary objective of the study was to assess the pulmonary deposition of BGF. Secondary objectives assessed the deposited dose of radiolabeled BGF in the oropharyngeal and stomach regions, on the actuator, and on the exhalation filter in addition to regional airway deposition patterns in the lungs.ResultsThe mean BGF emitted dose deposited in the lungs was 32.1% (standard deviation [SD] 15.6) in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD, 35.2% (SD 12.8) in patients with moderate COPD, and 28.7% (SD 18.4) in patients with severe/very severe COPD. Overall, the mean normalized outer/inner ratio was 0.55 (SD 0.19), while the standardized central/peripheral ratio was 2.21 (SD 1.64).ConclusionsRadiolabeled BGF 320/18/9.6 μg was efficiently delivered and deposited throughout the entire lung, including large and small airways, in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD, with similar deposition in patients with moderate COPD and patients with severe/very severe COPD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03906045. Registered 8 April 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03906045.

Project description:BackgroundFunctional respiratory imaging (FRI) is a quantitative postprocessing imaging technique used to assess changes in the respiratory system. Using FRI, we characterized the effects of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), glycopyrrolate metered dose inhaler (GP MDI), and the long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler (FF MDI), on airway volume and resistance in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.MethodsPatients in this phase IIIb, randomized, double-blind crossover study received twice-daily GP MDI (18 μg) and FF MDI (9.6 μg). Primary endpoints were specific (i.e. corrected for lobar volume) image-based airway volume (siVaw) and specific image-based airway resistance (siRaw), measured using FRI. Secondary and other endpoints included additional FRI, spirometry, and body plethysmography parameters. Postdose efficacy assessments were performed within 60-150 min of dosing on day 15.ResultsA total of 23 patients were randomized and 19 completed both treatment periods. GP MDI and FF MDI both achieved significant improvements from baseline to day 15 in siVaw [11% (p = 0.0187) and 23% (p < 0.0001) increases, respectively] and siRaw [25% (p = 0.0219) and 44% (p < 0.0001) reductions, respectively]. Although, on average, improvements were larger for FF MDI than GP MDI, some individuals displayed greater responses with each of the two treatments. These within-patient differences increased with airway generation number. Spirometry and body plethysmography endpoints showed significant improvements from baseline in inspiratory capacity for both treatments, and numeric improvements for other endpoints.ConclusionBoth GP MDI and FF MDI significantly improved siRaw and siVaw at day 15 versus baseline. FRI endpoints demonstrated increased sensitivity relative to spirometry and body plethysmography in detecting differences between treatments in a small number of patients. Intra-patient differences in treatment response between the LAMA and the LABA provide further support for the benefit of dual bronchodilator therapies.Clinicaltrials.gov registration numberNCT02937584 The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

Project description:BackgroundIn the phase III, 52-week ETHOS study in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), triple therapy with budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF), at two inhaled corticosteroid dose levels, resulted in significantly lower moderate/severe exacerbation rates versus glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (GFF) and budesonide/formoterol fumarate (BFF). Here, we report results from the ETHOS pulmonary function test (PFT) sub-study, which assessed lung function in a subset of ETHOS patients.MethodsETHOS (NCT02465567) was a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, parallel-group study in patients with moderate to very severe COPD who had experienced ⩾1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the previous year. Patients received BGF 320/18/9.6 µg, BGF 160/18/9.6 μg, GFF 18/9.6 µg, or BFF 320/9.6 µg twice daily via a single metered dose Aerosphere inhaler for 52 weeks. A subset of patients participated in the 4-hour PFT sub-study; primary endpoints were change from baseline in morning pre-dose trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) versus GFF and FEV1 area under the curve from 0 to 4 hours (AUC0-4) versus BFF at week 24.ResultsThe PFT modified intent-to-treat population included 3088 patients (mean age 64.4 years; mean reversibility post-albuterol 16.7%; mean post-albuterol FEV1% predicted 42.8). BGF 320/18/9.6 µg and 160/18/9.6 µg significantly improved morning pre-dose trough FEV1 at week 24 versus GFF (p ⩽ 0.0035 for both). Improvements in trough FEV1 were also observed at week 52 for BGF 320/18/9.6 µg and 160/18/9.6 µg versus GFF (p ⩽ 0.0005 for both). For FEV1 AUC0-4 at week 24, BGF 320/18/9.6 µg and 160/18/9.6 µg showed significant improvements versus BFF (p < 0.0001 for both). Improvements were maintained at week 52 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsBGF 320/18/9.6 µg and 160/18/9.6 µg significantly improved trough FEV1 versus GFF and FEV1 AUC0-4 versus BFF at week 24. The lung function benefits with both doses of BGF were maintained following 52 weeks of treatment.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

Project description:Purpose:This study investigated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting ?2-agonist fixed-dose combination budesonide/formoterol fumarate (BFF) metered dose inhaler (MDI), compared with the monocomponents budesonide (BD) MDI and formoterol fumarate (FF) MDI, in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Materials and methods:In this Phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, four-period, five-treatment, incomplete-block, crossover study (NCT02196077), all patients received BFF MDI 320/9.6 ?g and FF MDI 9.6 ?g, and two of either BFF MDI 160/9.6 ?g, BFF MDI 80/9.6 ?g, or BD MDI 320 ?g twice daily for 28 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was forced expiratory volume in 1 second area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours on Day 29. Secondary efficacy endpoints included additional lung function assessments, and evaluation of dyspnea and rescue medication use. Safety was monitored throughout. The systemic exposure to budesonide and formoterol was assessed on Day 29. Results:Overall, 180 patients were randomized. For forced expiratory volume in 1 second area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours on Day 29, all BFF MDI doses showed significant improvements versus BD MDI 320 ?g (least squares mean differences 186-221 mL; all p<0.0001), and BFF MDI 320/9.6 ?g demonstrated a significant improvement versus FF MDI 9.6 ?g (least squares mean difference 56 mL; p=0.0013). Furthermore, all BFF MDI doses showed significant improvements versus BD MDI 320 ?g for all lung function, dyspnea, and rescue medication use secondary efficacy endpoints. All BFF MDI doses were well tolerated, and the safety profile was not substantially different from the monocomponents. There was no evidence of clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interactions when budesonide and formoterol were formulated together in BFF MDI. Conclusion:The findings presented here confirm that BFF MDI 320/9.6 ?g is an appropriate dose to take forward into Phase III studies in patients with COPD.

Project description:Background:Functional respiratory imaging (FRI) uses high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans to assess changes in airway volume and resistance. Patients and methods:In this randomized, double-blind, 2-week, crossover, Phase IIIB study, patients with moderate-to-severe COPD received twice-daily glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate delivered by a metered dose inhaler (GFF MDI, 18/9.6 ?g) and placebo MDI, formulated using innovative co-suspension delivery technology. Co-primary endpoints included the following: specific image-based airway volume (siVaw) and specific image-based airway resistance (siRaw) at Day 15, measured using FRI. Secondary and other endpoints included the following: change from baseline in post-dose forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and inspiratory capacity (IC; spirometry) and ratio to baseline in post-dose functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV; body plethysmography). Results:Twenty patients (46-78 years of age) were randomized and treated; of whom 19 completed the study. GFF MDI treatment increased siVaw by 75% and reduced siRaw by 71% vs placebo MDI (both P<0.0001). Image-based airway volume (iVaw) and image-based airway resistance (iRaw), without adjusting for lobe volume, demonstrated corresponding findings to the co-primary endpoint, as lobe volumes did not change with either treatment. Approximately 48% of the delivered dose of glycopyrronium and formoterol fumarate was estimated to be deposited in the lungs. Compared with placebo, GFF MDI treatment improved post-dose FEV1 and IC (443 mL and 454 mL, respectively; both P<0.001) and reduced FRC and RV (13% and 22%, respectively; both P<0.0001). There were no significant safety findings. Conclusion:GFF MDI demonstrated significant, clinically meaningful benefits on FRI-based airway volume and resistance in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Benefits were associated with improvements in FEV1, IC, and hyperinflation. Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02643082.

Dataset Information

Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate Metered Dose Inhaler Formulated Using Co-Suspension Delivery Technology in Japanese Patients with COPD: A Subgroup Analysis of the KRONOS Study.

Publications

Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate Metered Dose Inhaler Formulated Using Co-Suspension Delivery Technology in Japanese Patients with COPD: A Subgroup Analysis of the KRONOS Study.

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