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A case report: a 22-year-old septic patient with central venous pO2 of 198?mmHg.

ABSTRACT: Background:Central venous saturation and central venous pressure can be determined with central venous catheters. Therefore, the tip of the catheter should be located in the superior vena cava. The location can be monitored by electrocardiography or X-ray. The central venous pressure curve is displayed on the monitor. The reference value of central venous saturation is >70%. Venous pO2 is normally 35-45?mmHg and central venous pressure 1-9?mmHg. Case summary:We treated a 22-year-old patient with septic shock. Central venous saturation was 100% with a pO2 of 198?mmHg. The arterial blood gas analysis was comparatively low with saturation of 98% and pO2 of 111?mmHg. On chest X-ray, the central venous catheter tip appeared on the left side of the heart. On echocardiography, aortic positioning was not evident. On the monitor, a 'venous pressure-like' curve was seen, that did not stand in exact correlation to the electrocardiogram curve. The computed tomography (CT) image showed placement of the catheter in the upper left pulmonary vein. The patient had a partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Discussion:The C-wave of the central venous pressure curve normally occurs after the R-wave of the electrocardiogram. If C-waves appeared before R-waves, the central venous catheter placement is not central venous and must be checked. In our case, the apparent 'venous' pO2 in blood gas examination was higher than arterial pO2. The catheter position had to be in an oxygenated vessel proximal to the left ventricle. A vascular anomaly was a possible diagnosis and was confirmed on CT imaging.

SUBMITTER: Ehlers UE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6939803 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A case report: a 22-year-old septic patient with central venous pO<sub>2</sub> of 198 mmHg.

Ehlers Ulrike Elisabeth UE Mutter Michael M Fahner Peter Jurriaan PJ Pfammatter Thomas T

European heart journal. Case reports 20191127 4

<h4>Background</h4>Central venous saturation and central venous pressure can be determined with central venous catheters. Therefore, the tip of the catheter should be located in the superior vena cava. The location can be monitored by electrocardiography or X-ray. The central venous pressure curve is displayed on the monitor. The reference value of central venous saturation is >70%. Venous pO<sub>2</sub> is normally 35-45 mmHg and central venous pressure 1-9 mmHg.<h4>Case summary</h4>We treated ...[more]

PMID: 31911985

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Project description:Central venous catheterization (CVC) can be an important component of the management of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. CVC, however, is a time- and resource-intensive procedure associated with serious complications. The effects of the absence of shock or the presence of relative contraindications on undertaking central line placement in septic emergency department (ED) patients eligible for early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) have not been well described. We sought to determine the association of relative normotension (sustained systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg independent of or in response to an initial crystalloid resuscitation of 20 mL/kg), obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30), moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000 per μL), and coagulopathy (international normalized ratio ≥2.0) with unattempted CVC in EGDT-eligible patients.This was a retrospective cohort study of 421 adults who met EGDT criteria in 5 community EDs over a period of 13 months. We compared patients with attempted thoracic (internal jugular or subclavian) CVC with those who did not undergo an attempted thoracic line. We also compared patients with any attempted CVC (either thoracic or femoral) with those who did not undergo any attempted central line. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odd ratios (AORs).In our study, 364 (86.5%) patients underwent attempted thoracic CVC and 57 (13.5%) did not. Relative normotension was significantly associated with unattempted thoracic CVC (AOR 2.6 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.3), as were moderate thrombocytopenia (AOR 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-10.1) and coagulopathy (AOR 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6). When assessing for attempted catheterization of any central venous site (thoracic or femoral), 382 (90.7%) patients underwent attempted catheterization and 39 (9.3%) patients did not. Relative normotension (AOR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.5) and moderate thrombocytopenia (AOR 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-10.3) were significantly associated with unattempted CVC, whereas coagulopathy was not (AOR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-1.8). Obesity was not significantly associated with unattempted CVC, either thoracic in location or at any site.Septic patients eligible for EGDT with relative normotension and those with moderate thrombocytopenia were less likely to undergo attempted CVC at any site. Those with coagulopathy were also less likely to undergo attempted thoracic central line placement. Knowledge of the decision-making calculus at play for physicians considering central venous catheterization in this population can help inform physician education and performance improvement programs.

Project description:ObjectivesIn 2001, a randomized trial showed decreased mortality with early, goal-directed therapy in septic shock, a strategy later recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Placement of a central venous catheter is necessary to administer goal-directed therapy. We sought to evaluate nationwide trends in: 1) central venous catheter utilization and 2) the association between early central venous catheter insertion and mortality in patients with septic shock.DesignWe retrospectively analyzed the proportion of septic shock cases receiving an early (day of admission) central venous catheter and the odds of hospital mortality associated with receiving early central venous catheter from years 1998 to 2001 compared with 2002 to 2009.SettingNon-federal acute care hospitalizations from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1998-2009.PatientsA total of 203,481 (population estimate: 999,545) patients admitted through an emergency department with principal diagnosis of septicemia and secondary diagnosis of shock.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsFrom 1998 to 2009, population-adjusted rates of septic shock increased from 12.6 cases per 100,000 U.S. adults to 78 cases per 100,000. During this time, age-adjusted hospital mortality associated with septic shock declined from 40.4% to 31.4%. Early central venous catheter insertion increased from 5.7% (95% confidence interval 5.1% to 6.3%) to 19.2% (95% confidence interval 18.7% to 19.5%) cases with septic shock, with an increased rate of early central venous catheter placement identified after 2007. The rate of decline in age-adjusted hospital mortality was significantly greater for patients who received an early central venous catheter (-4.2% per year, 95% confidence interval -3.2, -4.2%) as compared with no central venous catheter (-2.9% per year, 95% confidence interval -2.3, -3.5%; p = 0.016). Hospital mortality associated with early central venous catheter insertion significantly decreased from a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.14-1.45) prior to 2001 to an adjusted odds ratio of 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.90) after 2001.ConclusionsPlacement of a central venous catheter early in septic shock has increased three-fold since 1998. The mortality associated with early central venous catheter insertion decreased after publication of evidence-based instructions for central venous catheter use.

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A case report: a 22-year-old septic patient with central venous pO2 of 198?mmHg.

Publications

A case report: a 22-year-old septic patient with central venous pO<sub>2</sub> of 198 mmHg.

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