Dataset Information

Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results.

ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, in the nasal microbiota of beef steers before and after the same long-distance journey from France to southern Italy was documented. Fifty-six Limousine animals of three different shipments, travelling on three different days from February to April, were included. Prior to shipment (T0) and four days after arrival (T1), two DNS/animal were collected and tested by Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Univariate logistic regression was carried out, considering time and day as fixed factors and the outcome of qPCR for each pathogen as a dependent categorical dichotomous variable (positive/negative, 1/0). The fact that the number of H. somni positive animals were found to be higher in the third shipment than the first and second one, indicating that this pathogen was already present before loading, is relevant. The prevalence of BCoV, BRSV, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, P. multocida was higher at T1 than T0, suggesting that other factors, such as stress and the epidemiological status of the arrival farm, played a role. The tested animals were not treated before and after transport, and our results are in agreement with the current literature, supporting the hypothesis that the prevalence of pathogens related to BRD would increase after travelling, with an increased risk of pathogens shedding.

SUBMITTER: Cirone F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6940923 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results.

Cirone Francesco F Padalino Barbara B Tullio Daniele D Capozza Paolo P Lo Surdo Michele M Lanave Gianvito G Pratelli Annamaria A

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20191206 12

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannhe ...[more]

PMID: 31817737

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Project description:The study aimed to investigate the impact of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) on the metabolism of beef steers during a 35-d receiving period using plasma metabolomics. In this study, 77 newly weaned crossbred (Angus × Hereford) beef steers (BW = 206 ± 12 kg and age = 180 ± 17 days) were categorized into two groups: Healthy and Sick groups. The Sick group comprised beef steers diagnosed with BRD at any time during the 35-day period (n = 31), while the Healthy group did not show any signs of BRD (n = 46). Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vessels on day 35, and plasma samples were subjected to targeted metabolomics analysis using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Data and statistical analyses, including biomarker and pathway enrichment analyses, were performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. Results of the growth performance showed that sick steers had lower (p ≤ 0.05) ADG (1.44 vs. 1.64 kg/d) and higher (p = 0.01) feed:gain ratio (3.57 vs. 3.13) compared to healthy steers. A total of 50 metabolites were quantified. The partial least squares discriminant scores plot showed a slight separation between the two groups of steers, indicating some metabolic differences. Furthermore, the plasma concentrations of four metabolites (sarcosine, methionine, dimethyl sulfone, and L-histidine) were greater (p ≤ 0.05) in healthy steers compared to sick steers. Among these metabolites, sarcosine and methionine qualified as candidate biomarkers associated with BRD infection based on an area under the curve >0.70. Additionally, quantitative enrichment analysis revealed that cysteine and methionine metabolism was enriched in healthy steers compared to sick steers. This suggests that these metabolic pathways may play a role in the response to BRD infection. The findings of this study highlight the altered plasma metabolome in steers with BRD during the receiving period. Understanding these metabolic changes can contribute to the development of effective management strategies and nutritional interventions to mitigate the negative impact of BRD on beef cattle health and immune function.

Project description:Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p < 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p < 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p < 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p < 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.

Project description:BackgroundThe bovine upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome includes opportunistic pathogens that cause respiratory disease and stress associated with maternal separation and transportation contributes to the severity of this respiratory disease. Stress is known to alter the gut microbiome but little is known regarding the effect of stress on the URT microbiota. This study used six-month old suckling beef calves to investigate whether maternal separation (weaned), by itself or combined with transportation (weaned + transport), altered the URT microbiome and host immune responses to resident opportunistic pathogens.ResultsTaxonomic and functional composition of the URT microbiome in suckling and weaned beef calves did not change significantly when serially sampled over a one-month period. Subtle temporal changes in the URT microbiome composition were observed in weaned + transport calves. Total bacterial density was lower (p < 0.05) on day 4 post-weaning in both the weaned and weaned + transport groups when compared to suckling calves. In addition, significant (p < 0.05) temporal changes in the density of the opportunistic pathogens, M. haemolytica and P. multocida, were observed independent of treatment but these changes did not correlate with significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum antibody responses to both of these bacteria in the weaned and weaned + transport groups. Serum antibody responses to My. bovis, another opportunistic pathogen, remained unchanged in all treatment groups. Weaning, by itself and in combination with transportation, also had significant (p < 0.05) short- (2 to 8 days post-weaning) and long-term (28 days post-weaning) effects on the expression of adrenergic receptor genes in blood leukocytes when compared to age-matched suckling beef calves.ConclusionsMaternal separation (weaning) and transportation has minor effects on the taxonomic and functional composition of the URT microbiome and temporal changes in the density of opportunistic pathogen residing in the URT did not correlate with significant changes in immune responses to these bacteria. Significant changes in adrenergic receptor expression in blood leukocytes following weaning, with or without transportation, suggests altered neuroimmune regulation should be further investigated as a mechanism by which stress can alter host-microbiome interactions for some opportunistic respiratory pathogens that reside in the URT.

Project description:BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant health problem in beef cattle production, resulting in considerable economic losses due to mortalities, cost of treatment, and reduced feed efficiency. The onset of BRD is multifactorial, with numerous stressors being implicated, including transportation from farms to feedlots. In relation to animal welfare, regulations or practices may require mandatory rest times during transportation. Despite this, there is limited information on how transportation and rest stops affect the respiratory microbiota.ResultsThis study evaluated the effect of cattle source (ranch-direct or auction market-derived) and rest stop duration (0 or 8 h of rest) on the upper respiratory tract microbiota and its relationship to stress response indicators (blood cortisol and haptoglobin) of recently weaned cattle transported for 36 h. The community structure of bacteria was altered by feedlot placement. When cattle were off-loaded for a rest, several key bacterial genera associated with BRD (Mannheimia, Histophilus, Pasteurella) were increased for most sampling times after feedlot placement for the ranch-direct cattle group, compared to animals given no rest stop. Similarly, more sampling time points had elevated levels of BRD-associated genera when auction market cattle were compared to ranch-direct. When evaluated across time and treatments several genera including Mannheimia, Moraxella, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium were positively correlated with blood cortisol concentrations.ConclusionThis is the first study to assess the effect of rest during transportation and cattle source on the respiratory microbiota in weaned beef calves. The results suggest that rest stops and auction market placement may be risk factors for BRD, based solely on increased abundance of BRD-associated genera in the upper respiratory tract. However, it was not possible to link these microbiota to disease outcome, due to low incidence of BRD in the study populations. Larger scale studies are needed to further define how transportation variables impact cattle health.

Project description:Here, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors for the presence of Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida in the respiratory tract of calves from the spring processing to the reprocessing at feedlots. Additionally, we characterized, phenotypically and genotypically, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of the four species. Calves from 22 cow-calf operations were enrolled in the study (n = 30 calves per operation) and sampled by deep nasopharyngeal swabs at three time points: spring processing, weaning, or induction into feedlots, and at reprocessing at the feedlot. Isolates were tested for susceptibility using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test against commonly administered antimicrobials. Additionally, a subset of isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing to infer presence of AMR genes and resistance determinants. Among studied pathogens, P. multocida was the most prevalent species, regardless of time point, followed by M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and H. somni. For M. bovis, a sharp increase in prevalence was detected at the reprocessing sampling, whereas for P. multocida, an increase in prevalence was observed at the weaning/induction sampling. Comingling and co-location of feedlots were not associated with prevalence of any respiratory pathogen. In terms of AMR, resistance against macrolides was prevalent in M. bovis, with most isolates resistant against tildipirosin, tilmicosin, and tylosin. In general, there was limited evidence to support an increase in resistance rates of respiratory bacteria from the spring processing to reprocessing at feedlots, with the exception of florfenicol resistance in M. bovis, which increased at reprocessing. Metaphylactic administration of tetracyclines at feedlot induction was not associated with the MIC of tetracyclines in any respiratory bacteria. Conversely, there were clear associations between the parenteral use of macrolides as metaphylaxis at the feedlot induction, and increased MIC against macrolides in P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and H. somni. Overall, the AMR phenotypes were corroborated by presence of AMR genes. We hypothesize that the administration of macrolides such as tulathromycin at feedlot induction contributes to historical changes in macrolides MIC data of respiratory bacteria of beef cattle.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results.

Publications

Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results.

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