Dataset Information

Similarly Expanded Bilateral Temporal Lobe Volumes in Female and Male Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more prevalent in male than female individuals. Very few studies have examined sex modulations of brain anatomical differences between individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals, especially in children. The current study aimed to identify sex-dependent and/or sex-independent neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying ASD. METHODS:Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. A 2 (diagnosis) × 2 (sex) design was used. Subjects whose ages were between 6 and 20 years were included for analysis, with matched full-scale IQ between groups for each dataset. The resulting effective numbers of subjects were 36 female subjects with ASD, 54 TD female subjects, 182 male subjects with ASD, and 172 TD male subjects. Twenty independent gray matter (GM) and 20 white matter (WM) volume sources were estimated using source-based morphometry. RESULTS:Among all the independent GM and WM sources, none of them showed a significant diagnosis by sex interaction. One GM source of the bilateral inferior and middle temporal lobe showed a significantly larger volume in ASD than TD individuals and in male than in female subjects. This diagnosis effect was age sensitive and was present only in participants between 8 and 14 years of age. CONCLUSIONS:Only sex-independent, large-scale neuroanatomical alterations could be observed in children with ASD. The directionality of bilateral temporal GM alterations was in line with the prediction of the extreme male brain hypothesis, supporting the view that similar neurobiological mechanisms may drive sexual dimorphism and the onset of ASD.

SUBMITTER: Di X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6941659 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Similarly Expanded Bilateral Temporal Lobe Volumes in Female and Male Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Di Xin X Biswal Bharat B BB

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging 20151127 2

<h4>Background</h4>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more prevalent in male than female individuals. Very few studies have examined sex modulations of brain anatomical differences between individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals, especially in children. The current study aimed to identify sex-dependent and/or sex-independent neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying ASD.<h4>Methods</h4>Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. A ...[more]

PMID: 29560875

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Project description:ObjectiveOur objective was to identify whether the whole-brain structural network alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) differ from alterations in patients without FBTCS.MethodsWe dichotomized a cohort of 83 drug-resistant patients with TLE into those with and without FBTCS and compared each group to 29 healthy controls. For each subject, we used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to construct whole-brain structural networks. First, we measured the extent of alterations by performing FBTCS-negative (FBTCS-) versus control and FBTCS-positive (FBTCS+) versus control comparisons, thereby delineating altered subnetworks of the whole-brain structural network. Second, by standardizing each patient's networks using control networks, we measured the subject-specific abnormality at every brain region in the network, thereby quantifying the spatial localization and the amount of abnormality in every patient.ResultsBoth FBTCS+ and FBTCS- patient groups had altered subnetworks with reduced fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity compared to controls. The altered subnetwork in FBTCS+ patients was more widespread than in FBTCS- patients (441 connections altered at t > 3, p < .001 in FBTCS+ compared to 21 connections altered at t > 3, p = .01 in FBTCS-). Significantly greater abnormalities-aggregated over the entire brain network as well as assessed at the resolution of individual brain areas-were present in FBTCS+ patients (p < .001, d = .82, 95% confidence interval = .32-1.3). In contrast, the fewer abnormalities present in FBTCS- patients were mainly localized to the temporal and frontal areas.SignificanceThe whole-brain structural network is altered to a greater and more widespread extent in patients with TLE and FBTCS. We suggest that these abnormal networks may serve as an underlying structural basis or consequence of the greater seizure spread observed in FBTCS.

Project description:Studies of head size and brain volume in autism spectrum disorders have suggested that early cortical overgrowth may be followed by prematurely arrested growth. However, the few investigations quantifying cortical thickness have yielded inconsistent results, probably due to variable ages and/or small sample sizes. We assessed differences in cortical thickness between high-functioning adolescent and young adult males with autism spectrum disorders (n = 41) and matched typically developing males (n = 40). We hypothesized thinner cortex, particularly in frontal, parietal and temporal regions, for individuals with autism spectrum disorders in comparison with typically developing controls. Furthermore, we expected to find an age × diagnosis interaction: with increasing age, more pronounced cortical thinning would be observed in autism spectrum disorders than typically developing participants. T(1)-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from high-functioning males with autism spectrum disorders and from typically developing males matched group-wise on age (range 12-24 years), intelligence quotient (? 85) and handedness. Both gyral-level and vertex-based analyses revealed significantly thinner cortex in the autism spectrum disorders group that was located predominantly in left temporal and parietal regions (i.e. the superior temporal sulcus, inferior temporal, postcentral/superior parietal and supramarginal gyri). These findings remained largely unchanged after controlling for intelligence quotient and after accounting for psychotropic medication usage and comorbid psychopathology. Furthermore, a significant age × diagnosis interaction was found in the left fusiform/inferior temporal cortex: participants with autism spectrum disorders had thinner cortex in this region with increasing age to a greater degree than did typically developing participants. Follow-up within group comparisons revealed significant age-related thinning in the autism spectrum disorders group but not in the typically developing group. Both thinner temporal and parietal cortices during adolescence and young adulthood and discrepantly accelerated age-related cortical thinning in autism spectrum disorders suggest that a second period of abnormal cortical growth (i.e. greater thinning) may be characteristic of these disorders.

Dataset Information

Similarly Expanded Bilateral Temporal Lobe Volumes in Female and Male Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Publications

Similarly Expanded Bilateral Temporal Lobe Volumes in Female and Male Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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