Dataset Information

Discovery of Jogalong virus, a novel hepacivirus identified in a Culex annulirostris (Skuse) mosquito from the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

ABSTRACT: The discovery of hepaciviruses in non-human hosts has accelerated following the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology. Hepaciviruses have now been described in reptiles, fish, birds, and an extensive array of mammals. Using metagenomic sequencing on pooled samples of field-collected Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, we discovered a divergent hepacivirus-like sequence, named Jogalong virus, from the Kimberley region in northern Western Australia. Using PCR, we screened the same 300 individual mosquitoes and found just a single positive sample (1/300, 0.33%). Phylogenetic analysis of the hepacivirus NS5B protein places Jogalong virus within the genus Hepacivirus but on a distinct and deeply rooted monophyletic branch shared with duck hepacivirus, suggesting a notably different evolutionary history. Vertebrate barcoding PCR targeting two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b, indicated that the Jogalong virus-positive mosquito had recently fed on the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides), although it is currently unknown whether this bird species contributes to the natural ecology of this virus.

SUBMITTER: Williams SH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6941808 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Discovery of Jogalong virus, a novel hepacivirus identified in a Culex annulirostris (Skuse) mosquito from the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

Williams Simon H SH Levy Avram A Yates Rachel A RA Somaweera Nilusha N Neville Peter J PJ Nicholson Jay J Lindsay Michael D A MDA Mackenzie John S JS Jain Komal K Imrie Allison A Smith David W DW Lipkin W Ian WI

PloS one 20200103 1

The discovery of hepaciviruses in non-human hosts has accelerated following the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology. Hepaciviruses have now been described in reptiles, fish, birds, and an extensive array of mammals. Using metagenomic sequencing on pooled samples of field-collected Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, we discovered a divergent hepacivirus-like sequence, named Jogalong virus, from the Kimberley region in northern Western Australia. Using PCR, we screened the same 300 i ...[more]

PMID: 31899786

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Project description:BackgroundCulex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) affecting feral pigs, native mammals and humans. The mosquito species is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, Africa and Europe, and thought to be absent in Australia.MethodsIn February and May, 2020 the Medical Entomology unit of the Northern Territory (NT) Top End Health Service collected Cx. tritaeniorhynchus female specimens (n = 19) from the Darwin and Katherine regions. Specimens were preliminarily identified morphologically as the Vishnui subgroup in subgenus Culex. Molecular identification was performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcoding, including sequence percentage identity using BLAST and tree-based identification using maximum likelihood analysis in the IQ-TREE software package. Once identified using COI, specimens were reanalysed for diagnostic morphological characters to inform a new taxonomic key to related species from the NT.ResultsSequence percentage analysis of COI revealed that specimens from the NT shared 99.7% nucleotide identity to a haplotype of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from Dili, Timor-Leste. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the NT specimens formed a monophyletic clade with other Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from Southeast Asia and the Middle East. We provide COI barcodes for most NT species from the Vishnui subgroup to aid future identifications, including the first genetic sequences for Culex (Culex) crinicauda and the undescribed species Culex (Culex) sp. No. 32 of Marks. Useful diagnostic morphological characters were identified and are presented in a taxonomic key to adult females to separate Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from other members of the Vishnui subgroup from the NT.ConclusionsWe report the detection of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Australia from the Darwin and Katherine regions of the NT. The vector is likely to be already established in northern Australia, given the wide geographical spread throughout the Top End of the NT. The establishment of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Australia is a concern to health officials as the species is an important vector of JEV and is now the sixth species from the subgenus Culex capable of vectoring JEV in Australia. We suggest that the species must now be continuously monitored during routine mosquito surveillance programmes to determine its current geographical spread and prevent the potential transmission of exotic JEV throughout Australia.

Project description:BackgroundAnaphylaxis events are increasing worldwide, based on studies of single administrative datasets including hospital admissions, emergency room presentations, and prescription and medical claims data. Linking multiple administrative datasets may provide better epidemiological estimates, by capturing a greater number of anaphylaxis events occurring at the individual level. In this linked data study in Western Australia, we combined 4 population-based datasets to identify anaphylaxis events, factors influencing occurrence, and change in event rates from 2002 to 2013.MethodsFour linked administrative datasets from the Western Australian Data Linkage System were used, representing ambulance attendances, emergency department presentations, hospital inpatient admissions and death registrations. An anaphylaxis cohort was identified using ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-AM and additional anaphylaxis diagnosis codes, with event rates calculated. We explored the impact of age, gender, cause, Indigenous status and socioeconomic index on event rates. Standard Poisson regression models were used to examine the significance of the change in anaphylaxis event rates over time.ResultsA total 12,637 individuals (mean age 31.8 years, 49.6% female) experienced 15,462 anaphylaxis events between 2002 and 2013 (97.5% in non-Indigenous patients and 59.5% residing in the area of greatest socioeconomic advantage). Anaphylaxis event rates increased from 15.4 to 82.5/105 population between 2002 and 2013. The greatest increase in anaphylaxis events was seen in those coded as unspecified anaphylaxis (all ages, males and females combined, p < 0.001), with the highest rates of unspecified anaphylaxis in males 0-4 years (171.9/105 population in 2013), and females 15-19 years (104.0/105 in 2013). The average annual percent increase (95% CI) for food-related anaphylaxis was 9.2% (6.6-12.0); for medication-related anaphylaxis was 5.8% (4.5-7.1); and for unspecified anaphylaxis was 10.4% (9.8-11.0); all p < 0.001. There was a significant increase in ambulance attendance, emergency presentations and inpatient admissions for anaphylaxis between 2002 and 2013, with emergency presentations (56.0/105 population), inpatient admissions (43.2/105), and ambulance attendance (21.6/105) highest in 2013. Only 25 anaphylaxis-related deaths were recorded in the mortality register with no significant change in rates over time.ConclusionUsing multiple linked administrative datasets, we identified significantly higher rates of total anaphylaxis than previously reported, with more than 5-fold increases in anaphylaxis events between 2002 and 2013. While the combination of 4 population-level datasets provides a more comprehensive capture of cases, even at the individual dataset level, admission rates for anaphylaxis in Western Australia are substantially higher than those previously reported for similar time periods, both in Australia and worldwide.

Dataset Information

Discovery of Jogalong virus, a novel hepacivirus identified in a Culex annulirostris (Skuse) mosquito from the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

Publications

Discovery of Jogalong virus, a novel hepacivirus identified in a Culex annulirostris (Skuse) mosquito from the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

Similar Datasets

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