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Short-term H2 inhalation improves running performance and torso strength in healthy adults.

ABSTRACT: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial, we evaluated the effects of 7-day H2 inhalation on exercise performance outcomes and serum hormonal and inflammation profiles in a cohort of young men and women. All participants (age 22.9 ± 1.5 years; body mass index 23.4 ± 2.5 kg m-2; 10 women and 10 men) were allocated to receive either gaseous hydrogen (4%) or placebo (room air) by 20-min once-per-day inhalation for 7 days, with a wash-out period of 7 days to prevent the residual effects of interventions across study periods. The primary treatment outcome was the change in running time-to-exhaustion in the incremental maximal test from baseline to day 7. Additionally, assessment of other exercise performance endpoints and clinical chemistry biomarkers was performed at baseline and at 7 days after each intervention. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT03846141). Breathing 4% hydrogen for 20 min per day resulted in increased peak running velocity (by up to 4.2%) as compared to air inhalation (P = 0.05). Hydrogen inhalation resulted in a notable drop in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by 48.2 ng/mL at follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI]: from -186.7 to 89.3) (P < 0.05), while IGF-1 levels were elevated by 59.3 ng/mL after placebo intervention (95% CI; from -110.7 to 229.5) (P < 0.05). Inhalational hydrogen appears to show ergogenic properties in healthy men and women. Gaseous H2 should be further evaluated for its efficacy and safety in an athletic environment.

SUBMITTER: Javorac D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6945053 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Short-term H2 inhalation improves running performance and torso strength in healthy adults.

Javorac Dejan D Stajer Valdemar V Ratgeber Laszlo L Betlehem Jozsef J Ostojic Sergej S

Biology of sport 20191031 4

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial, we evaluated the effects of 7-day H2 inhalation on exercise performance outcomes and serum hormonal and inflammation profiles in a cohort of young men and women. All participants (age 22.9 ± 1.5 years; body mass index 23.4 ± 2.5 kg m-2; 10 women and 10 men) were allocated to receive either gaseous hydrogen (4%) or placebo (room air) by 20-min once-per-day inhalation for 7 days, with a wash-out peri ...[more]

PMID: 31938004

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Project description:BACKGROUND: A standard short-term inhalation study (STIS) was applied for hazard assessment of 13 metal oxide nanomaterials and micron-scale zinc oxide. METHODS: Rats were exposed to test material aerosols (ranging from 0.5 to 50 mg/m3) for five consecutive days with 14- or 21-day post-exposure observation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathological sections of the entire respiratory tract were examined. Pulmonary deposition and clearance and test material translocation into extra-pulmonary organs were assessed. RESULTS: Inhaled nanomaterials were found in the lung, in alveolar macrophages, and in the draining lymph nodes. Polyacrylate-coated silica was also found in the spleen, and both zinc oxides elicited olfactory epithelium necrosis. None of the other nanomaterials was recorded in extra-pulmonary organs. Eight nanomaterials did not elicit pulmonary effects, and their no observed adverse effect concentrations (NOAECs) were at least 10 mg/m3. Five materials (coated nano-TiO2, both ZnO, both CeO2) evoked concentration-dependent transient pulmonary inflammation. Most effects were at least partially reversible during the post-exposure period.Based on the NOAECs that were derived from quantitative parameters, with BALF polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophil counts and total protein concentration being most sensitive, or from the severity of histopathological findings, the materials were ranked by increasing toxic potency into 3 grades: lower toxic potency: BaSO4; SiO2.acrylate (by local NOAEC); SiO2.PEG; SiO2.phosphate; SiO2.amino; nano-ZrO2; ZrO2.TODA; ZrO2.acrylate; medium toxic potency: SiO2.naked; higher toxic potency: coated nano-TiO2; nano-CeO2; Al-doped nano-CeO2; micron-scale ZnO; coated nano-ZnO (and SiO2.acrylate by systemic no observed effect concentration (NOEC)). CONCLUSION: The STIS revealed the type of effects of 13 nanomaterials, and micron-scale ZnO, information on their toxic potency, and the location and reversibility of effects. Assessment of lung burden and material translocation provided preliminary biokinetic information. Based upon the study results, the STIS protocol was re-assessed and preliminary suggestions regarding the grouping of nanomaterials for safety assessment were spelled out.

Project description:BackgroundCatecholamine infusion elicits an increase in clotting factors and this increase has been attributed to stimulation of ?2-adrenorecptors (?2AR). Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that inhalation of a short-acting selective ?2AR agonist can induce a procoagulant state in healthy individuals.MethodsWe recruited 23 healthy volunteers (nine females; mean age: 26±0.8 years; body mass index: 24.7±0.5 kg/m2) and randomly allocated them into two groups, the ?2AR arm (seventeen subjects) and the saline arm (six subjects). Hemodynamics, plasma norepinephrine concentration, and procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic profiles of each participant were determined using specific assays before and after inhalation of either 2 mL nebulized normal saline or a mixture of 1 mL saline and 1 mL of salbutamol (5 mg salbutamol sulfate), a selective ?2AR agonist, which were delivered by a nebulizer over ten minutes.ResultsSaline inhalation had no effect on the procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic profiles of the six healthy volunteer in the study's saline arm. Salbutamol inhalation caused (a) a significant increase in the activity or levels of the procoagulant factors; FVIII increased by 11±3% (p = 0.04), von Willebrand factor increased by 7±1% (p = 0.03), and (b) a significant decrease in the activated partial prothrombin time from 27.4±0.4 seconds to 25.5 ±0.5 seconds (p<0.001) in the 17 volunteers in the study's ?2AR arm. D-dimer and prothrombin fragments F1+2 were elevated by 200 ±90% and 505.0 ±300.0%, respectively. In addition, the activity of the anticoagulant protein C pathway (demonstrated by the protein C Global assay) decreased from 1.0±0.08 to 0.82±0.06 (p<0.001). Although plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator decreased, all other indices of the fibrinolytic system did not change following salbutamol inhalation.ConclusionWe found that a single inhalation of salbutamol, a short-acting ?2AR agonist, activates the clotting system without affecting the fibrinolytic system. This induction of a procoagulant state in healthy subjects warrants further investigation in patients treated with these agents.

Project description:Most in vitro studies investigating nanomaterial pulmonary toxicity poorly correlate to in vivo inhalation studies. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play an outstanding role during inhalation exposure since they effectively clear the alveoli from particles. This study addresses the applicability of an in vitro alveolar macrophage assay to distinguish biologically active from passive nanomaterials.Rat NR8383 alveolar macrophages were exposed to 18 inorganic nanomaterials, covering AlOOH, BaSO4, CeO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, and ZnO NMs, amorphous SiO2 and graphite nanoplatelets, and two nanosized organic pigments. ZrO2 and amorphous SiO2 were tested without and with surface functionalization. Non-nanosized quartz DQ12 and corundum were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The test materials were incubated with the cells in protein-free culture medium. Lactate dehydrogenase, glucuronidase, and tumour necrosis factor alpha were assessed after 16 h. In parallel, H2O2 was assessed after 1.5 h. Using the no-observed-adverse-effect concentrations (NOAECs) from available rat short-term inhalation studies (STIS), the test materials were categorized as active (NOAEC < 10 mg/m(3)) or passive.In vitro data reflected the STIS categorization if a particle surface area-based threshold of <6000 mm(2)/mL was used to determine the biological relevance of the lowest observed significant in vitro effects. Significant effects that were recorded above this threshold were assessed as resulting from test material-unspecific cellular 'overload'. Test materials were assessed as active if ≥2 of the 4 in vitro parameters undercut this threshold. They were assessed as passive if 0 or 1 parameter was altered. An overall assay accuracy of 95 % was achieved.The in vitro NR8383 alveolar macrophage assay allows distinguishing active from passive nanomaterials. Thereby, it allows determining whether in vivo short-term inhalation testing is necessary for hazard assessment. Results may also be used to group nanomaterials by biological activity. Further work should aim at validating the assay.

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Short-term H2 inhalation improves running performance and torso strength in healthy adults.

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Short-term H<sub>2</sub> inhalation improves running performance and torso strength in healthy adults.

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