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The importance of slow canopy wilting in drought tolerance in soybean.

ABSTRACT: Slow canopy wilting (SW) is a water conservation trait controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in late maturity group soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Recently, two exotic (landraces) plant introductions (PI 567690 and PI 567731) were identified as new SW lines in early maturity groups. Here, we show that the two PIs share the same water conservation strategy of limited maximum transpiration rates as PI 416937. However, in contrast to PI 416937, the transpiration rates of these PIs were sensitive to an aquaporin inhibitor, indicating an independence between limited maximum transpiration and the lack of silver-sensitive aquaporins. Yield tests of selected recombinant inbred lines from two elite/exotic crosses provide direct evidence to support the benefit of SW in drought tolerance. Four SW QTLs mapped in a Pana×PI 567690 cross at multiple environments were found to be co-located with previous reports. Moreover, two new SW QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 6 and 10 from a Magellan×PI 567731 cross. These two QTLs explain the observed relatively large contributions of 20-30% and were confirmed in a near-isogenic background. These findings demonstrate the importance of SW in yield protection under drought and provide genetic resources for improving drought tolerance in early maturity group soybeans.

SUBMITTER: Ye H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6946001 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The importance of slow canopy wilting in drought tolerance in soybean.

Ye Heng H Song Li L Schapaugh William T WT Ali Md Liakat ML Sinclair Thomas R TR Riar Mandeep K MK Raymond Raymond N RN Li Yang Y Vuong Tri T Valliyodan Babu B Pizolato Neto Antonio A Klepadlo Mariola M Song Qijian Q Shannon J Grover JG Chen Pengyin P Nguyen Henry T HT

Journal of experimental botany 20200101 2

Slow canopy wilting (SW) is a water conservation trait controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in late maturity group soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Recently, two exotic (landraces) plant introductions (PI 567690 and PI 567731) were identified as new SW lines in early maturity groups. Here, we show that the two PIs share the same water conservation strategy of limited maximum transpiration rates as PI 416937. However, in contrast to PI 416937, the transpiration rates of these PIs were s ...[more]

PMID: 30980084

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Project description:Water is usually the main limiting factor for soybean productivity worldwide and yet advances in genetic improvement for drought resistance in this crop are still limited. In the present study, we investigated the physiological and molecular responses to drought in two soybean contrasting genotypes, a slow wilting N7001 and a drought sensitive TJS2049 cultivars. Measurements of stomatal conductance, carbon isotope ratios and accumulated dry matter showed that N7001 responds to drought by employing mechanisms resulting in a more efficient water use than TJS2049. To provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms that these cultivars employ to deal with water stress, their early and late transcriptional responses to drought were analyzed by suppression subtractive hybridization. A number of differentially regulated genes from N7001 were identified and their expression pattern was compared between in this genotype and TJS2049. Overall, the data set indicated that N7001 responds to drought earlier than TJ2049 by up-regulating a larger number of genes, most of them encoding proteins with regulatory and signaling functions. The data supports the idea that at least some of the phenotypic differences between slow wilting and drought sensitive plants may rely on the regulation of the level and timing of expression of specific genes. One of the genes that exhibited a marked N7001-specific drought induction profile encoded a eukaryotic translation initiation factor iso4G (GmeIFiso4G-1a). GmeIFiso4G-1a is one of four members of this protein family in soybean, all of them sharing high sequence identity with each other. In silico analysis of GmeIFiso4G-1 promoter sequences suggested a possible functional specialization between distinct family members, which can attain differences at the transcriptional level. Conditional overexpression of GmeIFiso4G-1a in Arabidopsis conferred the transgenic plants increased tolerance to osmotic, salt, drought and low temperature stress, providing a strong experimental evidence for a direct association between a protein of this class and general abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. Moreover, the results of this work reinforce the importance of the control of protein synthesis as a central mechanism of stress adaptation and opens up for new strategies for improving crop performance under stress.

Project description:BackgroundDrought stress limits the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which is the most grown high-value legume crop worldwide. Breeding for drought tolerance is a difficult endeavor and understanding the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean is therefore crucial for harnessing the genomic regions involved in the tolerance mechanisms. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was applied in a soybean germplasm collection (the EUCLEG collection) of 359 accessions relevant for breeding in Europe, to identify genomic regions and candidate genes involved in the response to short duration and long duration drought stress (SDS and LDS respectively) in soybean.ResultsThe phenotypic response to drought was stronger in the long duration drought (LDS) than in the short duration drought (SDS) experiment. Over the four traits considered (canopy wilting, leaf senescence, maximum absolute growth rate and maximum plant height) the variation was in the range of 8.4-25.2% in the SDS, and 14.7-29.7% in the LDS experiments. The GWAS analysis identified a total of 17 and 22 significant marker-trait associations for four traits in the SDS and LDS experiments, respectively. In the genomic regions delimited by these markers we identified a total of 12 and 16 genes with putative functions that are of particular relevance for drought stress responses including stomatal movement, root formation, photosynthesis, ABA signaling, cellular protection and cellular repair mechanisms. Some of these genomic regions co-localized with previously known QTLs for drought tolerance traits including water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis.ConclusionOur results indicate that the mechanism of slow wilting in the SDS might be associated with the characteristics of the root system, whereas in the LDS, slow wilting could be due to low stomatal conductance and transpiration rates enabling a high WUE. Drought-induced leaf senescence was found to be associated to ABA and ROS responses. The QTLs related to WUE contributed to growth rate and canopy height maintenance under drought stress. Co-localization of several previously known QTLs for multiple agronomic traits with the SNPs identified in this study, highlights the importance of the identified genomic regions for the improvement of agronomic performance in addition to drought tolerance in the EUCLEG collection.

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Project description:Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is one of the three main staple crops worldwide contributing 20% calories in the human diet. Drought stress is the main factor limiting yields and threatening food security, with climate change resulting in more frequent and intense drought. Developing drought-tolerant wheat cultivars is a promising way forward. The use of holistic approaches that include high-throughput phenotyping and genetic markers in selection could help in accelerating genetic gains. Fifty advanced breeding lines were selected from the CIMMYT Turkey winter wheat breeding program and studied under irrigated and semiarid conditions in two years. High-throughput phenotyping was done for wheat crown root traits and canopy senescence dynamics using vegetation indices (green area using RGB images and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index using spectral reflectance). In addition, genotyping by KASP markers for adaptability genes was done. Overall, under semiarid conditions yield reduced by 3.09 t ha-1 (-46.8%) compared to irrigated conditions. Genotypes responded differently under drought stress and genotypes 39 (VORONA/HD24-12//GUN/7/VEE#8//…/8/ALTAY), 18 (BiII98) and 29 (NIKIFOR//KROSHKA) were the most drought tolerant. Root traits including shallow nodal root angle under irrigated conditions and root number per shoot under semiarid conditions were correlated with increased grain yield. RGB based vegetation index measuring canopy green area at anthesis was better correlated with GY than NDVI was with GY under drought. The markers for five established functional genes (PRR73.A1 -flowering time, TEF-7A -grain size and weight, TaCwi.4A - yield under drought, Dreb1- drought tolerance, and ISBW11.GY.QTL.CANDIDATE- grain yield) were associated with different drought-tolerance traits in this experiment. We conclude that-genotypes 39, 18 and 29 could be used for drought tolerance breeding. The trait combinations of canopy green area at anthesis, and root number per shoot along with key drought adaptability makers (TaCwi.4A and Dreb1) could be used in screening drought tolerance wheat breeding lines.

Project description:Drought is a limiting factor for N(2) fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] thereby resulting in reduced biomass accumulation and yield. Drought-sensitive genotypes accumulate ureides, a product of N(2) fixation, during drought stress; however, drought-tolerant genotypes have lower shoot ureide concentrations, which appear to alleviate drought stress on N(2) fixation. A key enzyme involved in ureide breakdown in shoots is allantoate amidohydrolase (AAH). It is hypothesized that AAH gene expression in soybean determines shoot ureide concentrations during water-deficit stress and is responsible for the differential sensitivities of the N(2)-fixation response to drought among soybean genotypes. The objectives were to examine the relationship between AAH transcript levels and shoot ureide concentration and drought tolerance. Drought-tolerant (Jackson) and drought-sensitive (Williams) genotypes were subjected to three water-availability treatments: well-watered control, moderate water-deficit stress, and severe water-deficit stress. Shoot ureide concentrations were examined, in addition to gene expression of AAH and DREB2, a gene expressed during water-deficit stress. As expected, DREB2 expression was detected only during severe water-deficit stress, and shoot ureide concentrations were greatest in the drought-sensitive genotype relative to the drought-tolerant genotype during water-deficit stress. However, expression of AAH transcripts was similar among water treatments and genotypes, indicating that AAH mRNA was not closely associated with drought tolerance. Ureide concentrations in shoots were weakly associated with AAH mRNA levels. These results indicate that AAH expression is probably not associated with the increased ureide catabolism observed in drought-tolerant genotypes, such as Jackson. Further study of AAH at the post-translational and enzymatic levels is warranted in order to dissect the potential role of this gene in drought tolerance.

Dataset Information

The importance of slow canopy wilting in drought tolerance in soybean.

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The importance of slow canopy wilting in drought tolerance in soybean.

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