Dataset Information

Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in ?-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway.

ABSTRACT: Background and Purpose:Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties; nevertheless, its influence on ?-cell meta-inflammation remains unclear. The following study investigated the effects of metformin on meta-inflammatory in ?-cells and whether the underlying mechanisms were associated with the G protein-coupled receptor 40-phospholipase C-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (GPR40-PLC-IP3) pathway. Materials and Methods:Lipotoxicity-induced ?-cells and the high-fat diet-induced obese rat model were used in the study. Results:Metformin-reduced lipotoxicity-induced ?-cell meta-inflammatory injury was associated with the expression of GPR40. GPR40 was involved in metformin reversing metabolic inflammation key marker TLR4 activation-mediated ?-cell injury. Furthermore, downstream signaling protein PLC-IP3 of GPR40 was involved in the protective effect of metformin on meta-inflammation, and the above process of metformin was partially regulated by AMPK activity. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin were observed in obese rats. Conclusion:Metformin can reduce lipotoxicity-induced meta-inflammation in ?-cells through the regulation of the GPR40-PLC-IP3 pathway and partially via the regulation of AMPK activity.

SUBMITTER: Shen X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6948338 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in <i>β</i>-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway.

Shen Ximei X Fan Beibei B Hu Xin X Luo Liufen L Yan Yuanli Y Yang Liyong L

Journal of diabetes research 20191218

<h4>Background and purpose</h4>Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties; nevertheless, its influence on <i>β</i>-cell meta-inflammation remains unclear. The following study investigated the effects of metformin on meta-inflammatory in <i>β</i>-cells and whether the underlying mechanisms were associated with the G protein-coupled receptor 40-phospholipase C-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (GPR40-PLC-IP3) pathway.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>L ...[more]

PMID: 31950065

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Project description:BackgroundThe G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), broadly expressed in various tissues such as the spinal cord, exerts multiple physiological functions including pain regulation. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying GPR40 activation-induced antinociception in neuropathic pain, particularly related to the spinal glial expression of IL-10 and subsequent β-endorphin.MethodsSpinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain model was used in this study. β-Endorphin and IL-10 levels were measured in the spinal cord and cultured primary microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Double immunofluorescence staining of β-endorphin with glial and neuronal cellular biomarkers was also detected in the spinal cord and cultured primary microglia, astrocytes, and neurons.ResultsGPR40 was expressed on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in the spinal cords and upregulated by spinal nerve ligation. Intrathecal injection of the GPR40 agonist GW9508 dose-dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats, with Emax values of 80% and 100% MPE and ED50 values of 6.7 and 5.4 μg, respectively. Its mechanical antiallodynia was blocked by the selective GPR40 antagonist GW1100 but not GPR120 antagonist AH7614. Intrathecal GW9508 significantly enhanced IL-10 and β-endorphin immunostaining in spinal microglia and astrocytes but not in neurons. GW9508 also markedly stimulated gene and protein expression of IL-10 and β-endorphin in cultured primary spinal microglia and astrocytes but not in neurons, originated from 1-day-old neonatal rats. The IL-10 antibody inhibited GW9508-stimulated gene expression of the β-endorphin precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) but not IL-10, whereas the β-endorphin antibody did not affect GW9508-stimulated IL-10 or POMC gene expression. GW9508 increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and its stimulatory effects on IL-10 and POMC expression were blocked by each MAPK isoform inhibitor. Spinal GW9508-induced mechanical antiallodynia was completely blocked by intrathecal minocycline, IL-10 neutralizing antibody, β-endorphin antiserum, and μ-opioid receptor-preferred antagonist naloxone.ConclusionsOur results illustrate that GPR40 activation produces antinociception via the spinal glial IL-10/β-endorphin antinociceptive pathway.

Dataset Information

Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in ?-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway.

Publications

Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in <i>β</i>-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway.

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