Dataset Information

Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake among Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers.

ABSTRACT: Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake is documented among individuals with obesity, but is unknown among long-term weight loss maintainers (WLM). This study examined dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy among WLMs in a commercial weight management program. Participants were 1207 WLM in Weight Watchers (WW) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (controls; N = 102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2. Measures included the Diet History Questionnaire-II, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), and Dietary References Intakes. WLM versus controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI score (70.2 (69.7-70.7) vs. 60.1 (58.4-61.8); p = 0.0001) and greater odds of meeting recommendations for copper (OR = 5.8 (2.6-13.1)), magnesium (OR = 2.9 (1.8-4.7)), potassium (OR = 4.7 (1.4-16.5)), vitamin A (OR = 2.8 (1.7-4.8)), vitamin B6 (OR = 2.9 (1.6-5.2)), and vitamin C (OR = 5.0 (2.8-8.8)). WLM, compared to controls, also reported higher percentages of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% (49.7-50.8) vs. 46.7% (44.8-48.7); p = 0.0001) and protein (18.2% (18.0-18.5) vs. 15.9% (15.1-16.6); p = 0.0001) and lower calories from fat (32.3% (31.9-32.8) vs. 37.4% (35.8-38.9); p = 0.0001). Long-term weight loss maintenance in a widely used commercial program was associated with a healthier diet pattern, including consuming foods with higher micronutrient density.

SUBMITTER: Pascual RW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6950482 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake among Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers.

Pascual Rebecca W RW Phelan Suzanne S La Frano Michael R MR Pilolla Kari D KD Griffiths Zoe Z Foster Gary D GD

Nutrients 20191213 12

Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake is documented among individuals with obesity, but is unknown among long-term weight loss maintainers (WLM). This study examined dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy among WLMs in a commercial weight management program. Participants were 1207 WLM in Weight Watchers (WW) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of 28.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. A control group of weight stable adults wi ...[more]

PMID: 31847176

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Project description:BackgroundWeight gain is associated with deterioration in metabolic health, whereas weight loss improves insulin sensitivity. This study assesses the impact of long-term, successfully maintained weight loss and weight-loss relapse on measures of insulin sensitivity and identifies factors that explain variability in insulin sensitivity.MethodsWomen (20-45 years) were recruited into four groups: reduced-overweight/obese (RED, n=15); body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (stable low-weight, n=19), BMI?27?kg?m-2; relapsed-overweight/obese subjects (REL, n=11); and BMI-matched controls (obese stable weight, n=11), BMI?27?kg?m-2. A 75?g oral glucose tolerance test determined fasting and 2?h plasma glucose and insulin. Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI(0,120)) assessed insulin sensitivity. Anthropometric measurements, fasting resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured. Questionnaires and dietary intake were recorded, and physical activity was measured using accelerometers.ResultsRED were more insulin sensitive, characterised by lower fasting (P=0.001) and 2?h insulin (P=0.003) levels compared with all other groups. There were no significant differences in dietary intake, sedentary, light and moderate activity, RMR or RQ in the RED compared with the other three groups. % Body weight (BW) lost (P<0.001), % BW regained (P<0.05), body fat %, light activity (P<0.05, only log HOMA), vigorous activity (P<0.05) and RQ (P<0.01) predicted 61.4% and 59.7% of variability in log HOMA and log ISI(0,120), respectively, in multiple linear regression models.ConclusionThis study showed sustained enhanced insulin sensitivity in successful weight loss maintainers compared with BMI-matched controls with no weight loss history. Weight-loss-relapsed individuals were indistinguishable from controls. Weight loss itself was the strongest predictor of improved insulin sensitivity, whereas weight regain significantly predicted reduced insulin sensitivity. Weight-loss maintenance programs are essential to retaining metabolic benefits acquired through weight loss. Being physically active, reducing sedentary behaviour and, in particular, including small amounts of vigorous physical activity significantly predicted improved insulin sensitivity.

Dataset Information

Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake among Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers.

Publications

Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake among Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers.

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