Dataset Information

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine the effects of four weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and incorporated exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Fifty-eight overweight/obese Chinese females (age: 21.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to the control group (CON, n = 15), the LC control group (LC-CON, n = 15), the LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 15), or the LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 13). Subjects consumed a four week LC, whereas LC-HIIT and LC-MICT received extra training 5 d/week (LC-HIIT: 10 × 6 s cycling interspersed with 9 s rest, MICT: 30 min continuous cycling at 50-60% VO_2peak). After intervention, the three LC groups demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (-2.85 kg in LC-CON, -2.85 kg in LC-HIIT, -2.56 kg in LC-MICT, p < 0.001, ?² = 0.510), BMI (p < 0.001, ?² = 0.504) and waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001, ?² = 0.523). Groups with extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) improved VO_2peak by 14.8 and 17.3%, respectively. However, fasting glucose and blood lipid levels remained unchanged in all groups. Short-term LC is a useful approach to improve body composition in overweight/obese Chinese females. Incorporated exercise training has no additional effects on weight loss, but has additional benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness, and HIIT is more time efficient than the traditional MICT (2.5 min vs. 30 min).

SUBMITTER: Sun S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6950598 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.

Sun Shengyan S Kong Zhaowei Z Shi Qingde Q Hu Mingzhu M Zhang Haifeng H Zhang Di D Nie Jinlei J

Nutrients 20191213 12

This study aimed to examine the effects of four weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and incorporated exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Fifty-eight overweight/obese Chinese females (age: 21.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the control group (CON, n = 15), the LC control group (LC-CON, n = 15), the LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 15), or the LC and moderate ...[more]

PMID: 31847246

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Project description:We aimed to investigate the human skeletal muscle (SkM) DNA methylome after exercise in low carbohydrate (CHO) energy balance (with high fat) compared with exercise in low-CHO energy deficit (with low fat) conditions. The objective to identify novel epigenetically regulated genes and pathways associated with ‘train-low sleep-low’ paradigms. The sleep-low conditions included 9 males that cycled to deplete muscle glycogen while reaching a set energy expenditure. Post-exercise, low-CHO meals (protein-matched) completely replaced (using high-fat) or only partially replaced (low-fat) the energy expended. The following morning resting baseline biopsies were taken and the participants then undertook 75 minutes of cycling exercise, with skeletal muscle biopsies collected 30 minutes and 3.5 hours post exercise. Discovery of genome-wide DNA methylation was undertaken using Illumina EPIC arrays and targeted gene expression analysis was conducted by RT-qPCR. At baseline participants under energy balance (high fat) demonstrated a predominantly hypermethylated (60%) profile across the genome compared to energy deficit-low fat conditions. However, post exercise performed in energy balance (with high fat) elicited a more prominent hypomethylation signature 30 minutes post-exercise in gene regulatory regions important for transcription (CpG islands within promoter regions) compared with exercise in energy deficit (with low fat) conditions. Such hypomethylation was enriched within pathways related to: IL6-JAK-STAT signalling, metabolic processes, p53 / cell cycle and oxidative / fatty acid metabolism. Hypomethylation within the promoter regions of genes: HDAC2, MECR, IGF2 and c13orf16 were associated with significant increases in gene expression in the post-exercise period in energy balance compared with energy deficit. Furthermore, histone deacetylase, HDAC11 was oppositely regulated at the gene expression level compared with HDAC2, where HDAC11 was hypomethylated yet increased in energy deficit compared with energy balance conditions. Overall, we identify some novel epigenetically regulated genes associated with train-low sleep-low paradigms.

Project description:Background: Higher-protein (HP) energy-restriction diets improve weight management to a greater extent than normal-protein (NP) versions. Potential mechanisms of action with regard to assessment of eating behaviors across the day have not been widely examined during energy restriction.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to test whether the consumption of an HP energy-restriction diet reduces carbohydrate and fat intakes through improvements in daily appetite, satiety, and food cravings compared with NP versions and to test whether protein type within the NP diets alters protein-related satiety.Methods: Seventeen overweight women [mean ± SEM age: 36 ± 1 y; body mass index (kg/m2): 28.4 ± 0.1] completed a randomized, controlled-feeding crossover study. Participants were provided with the following ∼1250-kcal/d energy-restricted (-750-kcal/d deficit) diets, each for 6 d: HP [124 g protein/d; 60% from beef and 40% from plant sources (HP-BEEF)] or NP (48 g protein/d) that was protein-type matched (NP-BEEF) or unmatched [100% from plant-based sources (NP-PLANT)]. On day 6 of each diet period, participants completed a 12-h testing day containing repetitive appetite, satiety, and food-craving questionnaires. On day 7, the participants were asked to consume their protein requirement within each respective diet but were provided with a surplus of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods to consume, ad libitum, at each eating occasion across the day. All outcomes reported were primary study outcomes.Results: The HP-BEEF diet reduced daily hunger by 16%, desire to eat by 15%, prospective food consumption by 14%, and fast-food cravings by 15% but increased daily fullness by 25% compared with the NP-BEEF and NP-PLANT diets (all P < 0.05). However, consuming more protein throughout the day did not reduce the energy consumed ad libitum from the fat- and carbohydrate-rich foods (HP-BEEF: 2000 ± 180 kcal/d; NP-BEEF: 2120 ± 190 kcal/d; NP-PLANT: 2070 ± 180 kcal/d). None of the outcomes differed between the NP-BEEF and NP-PLANT treatments.Conclusions: Although appetite control, satiety, and food cravings improved after an HP energy-restriction diet, increased protein consumption did not reduce carbohydrate and fat intakes throughout the free-living test day in overweight healthy women exposed to highly palatable foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02614729.

Project description:OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of isocaloric, energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate ketogenic (VLCK) and low-fat (LF) diets on weight loss, body composition, trunk fat mass, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight/obese men and women. DESIGN: Randomized, balanced, two diet period clinical intervention study. Subjects were prescribed two energy-restricted (-500 kcal/day) diets: a VLCK diet with a goal to decrease carbohydrate levels below 10% of energy and induce ketosis and a LF diet with a goal similar to national recommendations (%carbohydrate:fat:protein = ~60:25:15%). SUBJECTS: 15 healthy, overweight/obese men (mean +/- s.e.m.: age 33.2 +/- 2.9 y, body mass 109.1 +/- 4.6 kg, body mass index 34.1 +/- 1.1 kg/m2) and 13 premenopausal women (age 34.0 +/- 2.4 y, body mass 76.3 +/- 3.6 kg, body mass index 29.6 +/- 1.1 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS: Weight loss, body composition, trunk fat (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and resting energy expenditure (REE) were determined at baseline and after each diet intervention. Data were analyzed for between group differences considering the first diet phase only and within group differences considering the response to both diets within each person. RESULTS: Actual nutrient intakes from food records during the VLCK (%carbohydrate:fat:protein = ~9:63:28%) and the LF (~58:22:20%) were significantly different. Dietary energy was restricted, but was slightly higher during the VLCK (1855 kcal/day) compared to the LF (1562 kcal/day) diet for men. Both between and within group comparisons revealed a distinct advantage of a VLCK over a LF diet for weight loss, total fat loss, and trunk fat loss for men (despite significantly greater energy intake). The majority of women also responded more favorably to the VLCK diet, especially in terms of trunk fat loss. The greater reduction in trunk fat was not merely due to the greater total fat loss, because the ratio of trunk fat/total fat was also significantly reduced during the VLCK diet in men and women. Absolute REE (kcal/day) was decreased with both diets as expected, but REE expressed relative to body mass (kcal/kg), was better maintained on the VLCK diet for men only. Individual responses clearly show the majority of men and women experience greater weight and fat loss on a VLCK than a LF diet. CONCLUSION: This study shows a clear benefit of a VLCK over LF diet for short-term body weight and fat loss, especially in men. A preferential loss of fat in the trunk region with a VLCK diet is novel and potentially clinically significant but requires further validation. These data provide additional support for the concept of metabolic advantage with diets representing extremes in macronutrient distribution.

Project description:Objective: To examine the response of a calorie-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on indicators of cardiometabolic health in a cohort of sedentary obese older adults. Design: This was a controlled-feeding trial with a parallel design. Each participant consumed either 3 oz (85 g; n = 15) or 6 oz (170.1 g; n = 13) of lean fresh beef within a standardized calorie-restricted DASH-like diet for 12-weeks. Fasted blood samples were collected and used to measure conventional biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory health. Participants: Caucasian older (70.8 years), obese (BMI: 32 ± 6.9 kg/m2; WC: 101 ± 16.4 cm) females (n = 17) and males (n = 11) from the rural community of Brookings, South Dakota. Results: 28 participants completed the 12-week feeding trial, with no differences (p > 0.05) among the biomarkers of cardiometabolic health between the 3 and 6 oz beef intake groups. However, when the beef intake groups were combined, all biomarkers changed concentration in response to the intervention diet. Total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.004), HDL-C (p < 0.0001), insulin (p = 0.014), glucose (p = 0.008), HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), IL-12 (p < 0.001), and CRP (p = 0.006) all decreased in response to the study diet. IGF-1 (p < 0.001) and IL-8 (p = 0.005) increased in response to the intervention. Correlations among cardiometabolic biomarkers and body composition measures were observed. By study end, the decrease in insulin (R 2 = 0.22; P = 0.012) and HOMA-IR (R 2 = 0.22; P = 0.01) was positively correlated with the decrease in waist circumference. The increase in IGF-1 was significantly correlated with the decrease in waist circumference (R 2 = 0.21; p = 0.014). The increase in IGF-1 was significantly correlated with the increase in sit-to-stand (R 2 = 0.21; p = 0.016). The increase in IL-8 was significantly correlated with decreases in total cholesterol (R 2 = 0.24; P = 0.008), LDL-C (R 2 = 0.17; P = 0.031) and glucose (R 2 = 0.44; P = 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a DASH-like diet with restricted calories may potentially improve biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in sedentary obese older adults. These results also point to interrelationships between body composition changes and changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers. Lastly, regardless of meat intake amount, positive impacts on cardiometabolic biomarkers were observed in this cohort of older adults with an obese phenotype.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested prior to training as a means to enhance the protein balance during exercise without spoiling the effect of the low carbohydrate availability. Accordingly, this is being practiced by world class athletes. However, the effect of protein intake on muscle protein metabolism during training low has not been studied. This study aimed to examine if protein intake prior to exercise with reduced carbohydrate stores benefits muscle protein metabolism in exercising and non-exercising muscles. METHODS:Nine well-trained subjects completed two trials in random order both of which included a high-intensity interval ergometer bike ride (day 1), a morning (day 2) steady state ride (90?min at 65% VO2peak, 90ss), and a 4-h recovery period. An experimental beverage was consumed before 90ss and contained either 0.5?g whey protein hydrolysate [WPH]/ kg lean body mass or flavored water [PLA]. A stable isotope infusion (L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine) combined with arterial-venous blood sampling, and plasma flow rate measurements were used to determine forearm protein turnover. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was determined from stable isotope incorporation into the vastus lateralis. RESULTS:Forearm protein net balance was not different from zero during 90ss exercise (nmol/100?ml/min, PLA: 0.5?±?2.6; WPH: 1.8, ± 3.3) but negative during the 4?h recovery (nmol/100?ml/min, PLA: -?9.7?±?4.6; WPH: -?8.7?±?6.5); no interaction (P?=?0.5) or main effect of beverage (P?=?0.11) was observed. Vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were increased during 90ss exercise (+?0.02?±?0.02%/h) and recovery (+?0.02?±?0.02%/h); no interaction (P?=?0.3) or main effect of beverage (P?=?0.3) was observed. CONCLUSION:We conclude that protein ingestion prior to endurance exercise in the energy- and carbohydrate-restricted state does not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis or improve net protein balance in the exercising and non-exercising muscles, respectively, during and in the hours after exercise compared to ingestion of a non-caloric control. TRIAL REGISTRATION:clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01320449. Registered 10 May 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03147001.

Dataset Information

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.

Publications

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.

Similar Datasets

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