Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hayes S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6953359 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6513234 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFalling is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) but tends to be under-ascertained and under-treated.ObjectiveTo evaluate fall risk in people with MS.MethodsNinety-four people with MS, able to walk > 2 min with or without an assistive device (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS ≤ 6.5) were recruited. Clinic-based measures were recorded at baseline and 1 year. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including a fall survey and the MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12), were completed at baseline, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Average daily step counts (STEPS) were recorded using a wrist-worn accelerometer.Results50/94 participants (53.2%) reported falling at least once. Only 56% of participants who reported a fall on research questionnaires had medical-record documented falls. Fallers had greater disability [median EDSS 5.5 (IQR 4.0-6.0) versus 2.5 (IQR 1.5-4.0), p < 0.001], were more likely to have progressive MS (p = 0.003), and took fewer STEPS (mean difference - 1,979, p = 0.007) than Non-Fallers. Stepwise regression revealed MSWS-12 as a major predictor of future falls.ConclusionsFalling is common in people with MS, under-reported, and under-ascertained by neurologists in clinic. Multimodal fall screening in clinic and remotely may help improve patient care by identifying those at greatest risk, allowing for timely intervention and referral to specialized physical rehabilitation.
| S-EPMC8370664 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Limited attention has been paid in the literature to multiple component fall prevention interventions that comprise two or more fixed combinations of fall prevention interventions that are not individually tailored following a risk assessment. The study objective was to determine the effect of multiple component interventions on fall rates, number of fallers and fall-related injuries among older people and to establish effect sizes of particular intervention combinations.Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Cochrane, AMED, UK Clinical Research Network Study Portfolio, Current Controlled Trials register and Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials register were systematically searched to August 2013 for randomised controlled trials targeting those aged 60 years and older with any medical condition or in any setting that compared multiple component interventions with no intervention, placebo or usual clinical care on the outcomes reported falls, number that fall or fall-related injuries. Included studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Estimates of fall rate ratio and risk ratio were pooled across studies using random effects meta-analysis. Data synthesis took place in 2013.Eighteen papers reporting 17 trials were included (5034 participants). There was a reduction in the number of people that fell (pooled risk ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.80 to 0.91) and the fall rate (pooled rate ratio = 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.89) in favour of multiple component interventions when compared with controls. There was a small amount of statistical heterogeneity (I(2) =20%) across studies for fall rate and no heterogeneity across studies examining number of people that fell.This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials found evidence that multiple component interventions that are not tailored to individually assessed risk factors are effective at reducing both the number of people that fall and the fall rate. This approach should be considered as a service delivery option.
| S-EPMC3928080 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare the risk, circumstances, consequences and causes of prospectively recorded falls between people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls of similar age and gender.Methods58 PwMS and 58 healthy controls, who are community-dwelling, were recruited in this 6-month prospective cohort study. 90% of PwMS and 84% of healthy controls completed the study. Participants counted falls prospectively using fall calendars and noted fall location, fall-related injuries, and the cause of the falls. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare the distributions of survival without falling between PwMS and healthy controls.Results40.8% of controls and 71.2% of PwMS fell at least once. 48.1% of PwMS and 18.4% of healthy controls fell at least twice. 42.3% of PwMS and 20.4% of health controls sustained a fall-related injury. After adjusting for age and gender, the time to first fall (HR: 1.87, p = 0.033) and the time to recurrent falls (HR: 2.87, p = 0.0082) were significantly different between PwMS and healthy controls. PwMS reported an almost equal number of falls inside and outside, 86% of the falls in healthy controls were outside. Healthy controls were more likely to fall due to slipping on a slippery surface (39.5% vs 10.4%). PwMS more often attributed falls to distraction (31% vs 7%) and uniquely attributed falls to fatigue or heat.ConclusionsFall risk, circumstances, consequences, and causes are different for PwMS than for healthy people of the same age and gender. PwMS fall more, are more likely to be injured by a fall, and often fall indoors. PwMS, but not healthy controls, frequently fall because they are distracted, fatigued or hot.
| S-EPMC4177842 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6148705 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe implementation of condition-specific falls prevention interventions is proving challenging due to lack of critical mass and resources. Given the similarities in falls risk factors across stroke, Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the development of an intervention designed for groups comprising of people with these three neurological conditions may provide a pragmatic solution to these challenges. The aims of this umbrella review were to investigate the effectiveness of falls prevention interventions in MS, PD and stroke, and to identify the commonalities and differences between effective interventions for each condition to inform the development of an intervention for mixed neurological groups.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using 15 electronic databases, grey literature searches and hand-screening of reference lists. Systematic reviews of studies investigating the effects of falls prevention interventions in MS, PD and stroke were included. Methodological quality of reviews was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. A matrix of evidence table was used to assess the degree of overlap. The Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation framework was used to rate the quality of evidence. Findings were presented through narrative synthesis and a summary of evidence table.ResultsEighteen reviews were included; three investigating effectiveness of falls prevention interventions in MS, 11 in PD, three in stroke, and one in both PD and stroke. Exercise-based interventions were the most commonly investigated for all three conditions, but differences were identified in the content and delivery of these interventions. Low to moderate quality evidence was found for the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions at reducing falls in PD. Best available evidence suggests that exercise is effective at reducing falls in stroke but no evidence of effect was identified in MS.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that exercise-based interventions are effective at reducing falls in PD, however, the evidence for MS and stroke is less conclusive. A strong theoretical rationale remains for the use of exercise-based interventions to address modifiable physiological falls risk factors for people with MS, PD and stroke, supporting the feasibility of a mixed-diagnosis intervention. Given the high overlap and low methodological quality of primary studies, the focus should be on the development of high-quality trials investigating the effectiveness of falls prevention interventions, rather than the publication of further systematic reviews.
| S-EPMC8480085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe aim was to describe falls and the perceived causes, experienced by people with multiple sclerosis shortly after falling.DesignA qualitative study using content analysis and quantitative data to illustrate where and why people report falls most commonly. Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed. Interviews were conducted shortly (0-10 days) after a fall.SubjectsIn all, 67 informants who had reported at least one fall during the previous three-month period and who used a walking aid participated.ResultsA total of 57 (85%) informants fell at least once during eight months resulting in 115 falls; 90 (78%) falls happened indoors, most commonly in the kitchen ( n = 20; 17%) or bathroom ( n = 16; 14%). Informants fell during everyday activities and walking aids had been used in more than a third of the reported falls. The falls were influenced of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Two categories emerged from the analysis: 'activities when falling' and 'influencing factors'. The category contained three (basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and leisure and work) and six (multiple sclerosis-related symptoms, fluctuating body symptoms, being distracted, losing body control, challenging surrounding and involvement of walking aid) subcategories, respectively.ConclusionThe majority of falls occurs indoors and in daily activities. Several factors interacted in fall situations and should be monitored and considered to reduce the gap between the person's capacity and the environmental demands that cause fall risk. Fluctuation of bodily symptoms between and within a day is a variable not earlier targeted in multiple sclerosis fall risk research.
| S-EPMC5865469 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6803560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bladder dysfunction and falls are common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but associations between these problems are unclear. We sought to clarify the association between specific types of bladder dysfunction and prospectively recorded falls in people with MS.Fifty-one people aged 18 to 50 years with relapsing-remitting MS and mild-to-moderate disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤6.0) completed a self-report questionnaire regarding urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency at baseline and then prospectively recorded their falls daily for 3 months using fall calendars. Participants were classified as recurrent fallers (two or more falls) or nonrecurrent fallers (fewer than 2 falls) for one regression model and then as fallers (one or more falls) or nonfallers (no falls) for another regression model. Associations between baseline bladder dysfunction and faller status were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for the potential confounders of age, sex, and disability.Fifteen participants were recurrent fallers, 36 were nonrecurrent fallers, 32 were fallers, and 19 were nonfallers. After adjusting for age, sex, and disability, there was a significant association between urinary urgency with incontinence and recurrent falls in the 3 months after baseline (odds ratio, 57.57; 95% CI, 3.43-966.05; P = .005).Urinary urgency with incontinence is associated with recurrent falls in people with relapsing-remitting MS with mild-to-moderate disability. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this association and to evaluate the effect of bladder management programs on falls.
| S-EPMC5564279 | biostudies-other
Project description:Our study objective was to determine the effect of vision intervention and combinations of different intervention components on preventing falls and fall-related injuries among older people. Six electronic databases were searched to identify seven articles published before May, 2014. We conducted a systematic review of data from seven randomized controlled trails and identified eight regimens: vision intervention alone (V), vision plus exercise (referred to as physical exercise) interventions (V?+?E), vision plus home hazard interventions (V?+?HH), vision plus exercise plus home hazard interventions (V?+?E?+?HH), vision plus exercise plus sensation interventions (V?+?E?+?S), vision plus hearing interventions (V?+?H), vision plus various risk factor assessment and interventions (V?+?VRF), and the control group (C, no intervention group). The main outcome was the incidence of falls during the follow-up period. Seven papers included 2723 participants. Network meta-analysis of seven trials, using pairwise comparisons between each intervention, indicated there was no significant difference. However, there was a trend in which intervention incorporating V?+?VRF had more advantages than any other combination of interventions. In conclusion, V?+?VRF proves to be more effective than other V combination interventions in preventing falls in older people (?65 years of age). V alone appears less effective in our network meta-analysis.
| S-EPMC4447164 | biostudies-literature