Dataset Information

Craving and Cue Reactivity in Nicotine-Dependent Tobacco Smokers Is Associated With Different Insula Networks.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The insula has a well-established role in nicotine dependence and is a node of the salience network, which integrates internal and external information to guide behavior. Recent findings reveal that internal and external processing occurs in the ventral anterior insula (vAI) and dorsal anterior insula (dAI), respectively. Whether vAI/dAI network connectivity differentially reflects internally generated craving and externally triggered smoking cue reactivity was tested.

Methods

Thirty-six male and female nicotine-dependent individuals smoked 1 hour before functional magnetic resonance imaging. Baseline craving was measured, followed by resting-state and smoking cue reactivity scans and then another assessment of craving. Craving and cue reactivity interactions were measured by focusing on specific nodes of the salience network: the vAI/dAI and anterior cingulate cortex.

Results

Resting-state vAI/dAI networks overlapped with the prototypical salience network, yet they possessed distinct patterns, linking the vAI with nodes of the internally focused default mode network and the dAI with nodes of the external, goal-related frontoparietal network. Internally generated baseline craving was associated with enhanced vAI connectivity, whereas rostral anterior cingulate cortex reactivity to external smoking cues was associated with greater dAI connectivity. We also found that cue reactivity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex was associated with a rise in subjective cue-induced craving, whereas baseline subjective craving did not influence brain cue reactivity.

Conclusions

These data show that brain reactivity to smoking cues is associated with a subsequent increase in craving. In addition, separate insula networks have a role in an individual's vulnerability to internally related craving and externally triggered cue reactivity, which could guide the development of new, neurobiologically targeted therapies.

SUBMITTER: Janes AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6954328 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Craving and Cue Reactivity in Nicotine-Dependent Tobacco Smokers Is Associated With Different Insula Networks.

Janes Amy C AC Krantz Nathan L NL Nickerson Lisa D LD Frederick Blaise B BB Lukas Scott E SE

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging 20190923 1

<h4>Background</h4>The insula has a well-established role in nicotine dependence and is a node of the salience network, which integrates internal and external information to guide behavior. Recent findings reveal that internal and external processing occurs in the ventral anterior insula (vAI) and dorsal anterior insula (dAI), respectively. Whether vAI/dAI network connectivity differentially reflects internally generated craving and externally triggered smoking cue reactivity was tested.<h4>Meth ...[more]

PMID: 31706906

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Project description:IntroductionVariation in CYP2A6, the primary enzyme responsible for nicotine metabolism, is associated with nicotine dependence, cigarette consumption, and abstinence outcomes in smokers. The impact of CYP2A6 activity on nicotine reinforcement and tobacco cue-reactivity, mechanisms that may contribute to these previous associations, has not been fully evaluated.Aims and methodsCYP2A6 activity was indexed using 3 genetic approaches in 104 daily smokers completing forced-choice and cue-induced craving tasks assessing nicotine reinforcement and tobacco cue-reactivity, respectively. First, smokers were stratified by the presence or absence of reduced/loss-of-function CYP2A6 gene variants (normal vs. reduced metabolizers). As nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is a reliable biomarker of CYP2A6 activity, our second and third approaches used additional genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies of NMR to create a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) to stratify smokers (fast vs. slow metabolizers) and calculate a wGRS-derived NMR.ResultsControlling for race and sex, normal metabolizers (vs. reduced) selected a greater proportion of puffs from nicotine-containing cigarettes (vs. denicotinized) on the forced-choice task (p = .031). In confirmatory analyses, wGRS-based stratification (fast vs. slow metabolizers) produced similar findings. Additionally, wGRS-derived NMR, which correlated with actual NMR assessed in a subset of participants (n = 55), was positively associated with the proportion of puffs from nicotine-containing cigarettes controlling for race and sex (p = .015). None of the CYP2A6 indices were associated with tobacco cue-reactivity in minimally deprived smokers.ConclusionsFindings suggest increased nicotine reinforcement is exhibited by smokers with high CYP2A6 activity, which may contribute to heavier smoking and poorer cessation outcomes previously reported in faster metabolizers.ImplicationsCYP2A6 activity is a key determinant of smoking behavior and outcomes. Therefore, these findings support the targeting of CYP2A6 activity, either therapeutically or as a clinically relevant biomarker in a precision medicine approach, for tobacco use disorder treatment.

Dataset Information

Craving and Cue Reactivity in Nicotine-Dependent Tobacco Smokers Is Associated With Different Insula Networks.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Craving and Cue Reactivity in Nicotine-Dependent Tobacco Smokers Is Associated With Different Insula Networks.

Similar Datasets

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